zkouška - otázky

pa wćl-wulfas-for wćtere ne murnon
went then/when sea dogs water not mourn/trouble

wicinga weorod, west ofer Pantan
Vikings troops west over

ofer scir wćter scieldas wćgon,
over clear water shields carried/ beared

lid-menn to lande linda bćron
sailors land lime-wood shields beard/ carried

Pćr ongean gramum gearwe stodon
There towards, opposite enemy, fierce readily stood

Byrhtnop mid beornum; he mid bordum het
with warriors he with shields ordered

Wyrcan pone wig-hagan and pćt weorod healdan
Work, build, produce that one phalanx and that troop hold, grasp

Feste with feondum.
Securelly/strongly with foes

- svaramhaktizace - wodon → woldon
sedm → sedum
→ vkládání nějaké hlásky – plynulejší, snadnější výslovnost;
Text č. 4
The Battle of Maldon 2
ţa wćs feohte neah
Then was fight near
tir ćt getohte wćs seo (sein) tid cumen,
glory at battle was his time came

ţćt ţćr fćge menn feallan scoldon
that there fasted men fall in battle shall, must, had to

ţćr wearp hream ahafen, hrćfnas wundon
There was clamour lift up, rise ravens wounded, circled

Earn ćses georn. Wćs on eorđan cierm
Eagle food eager was on earth cry, uproar

Hae leton ţa of folmum feol-hearde speru
They let then from hands hard as fie spear
grimme gegrundene garas fleogan
cruelly ground arrows flew
Text č. 5
Introduction to Alfred’s Laws
Ic ţa Alfred cyning ţas
I then Alfred king those
togaedere gegaderode, ond
together gathered and

awritan het monege ţara ţe ure foregengan heoldon,
write ordered many, there which our ancestor held

ţa ţe me licodon, ond manege
then therefore I liked and many

ţara ţe me me licodon
there therefore I not liked

ic awearţ mid minra witena geţeahte,
I castaway/remove with my wise men council
ond oţre wisam bebead healdanne.
and other ways comanded hold/keep/grasp/rule
Text č. 6
The Nature of William the Conqueror 1
Gif hwa gewilnigeţ to gewitane hu
If who wishes to know how
gedon mann he wćs oţţe hwilene
did man he was or which

wurţscipe he haefde oţţe hu fela
worship he or how much

lande he waere hlaword, ponne
land he was lord then

wille we be hi(m) awritan
will we be him write

swa swa we hine ageaton ţe
so as we him learned to know

hi(m) on locodon ond ođre
him/them on look and other
hwile on his hirede wunedon
time on his court dwelled
Text č. 7
The Nature of William the Conqueror 2
Se cyng Willelm ţe we embe
that one king William the we about
specaţ wćs swiđe wis man ond
speak was very wise man and
swide rice ond wurţfulre ond strengere
very rich and more worthy and stricter
Ţonne aenig his foregenga waere
than any(one) of his ancestors were
he was milde ţa(m) godum(m)
he was merciful mild to those good
mannu(m) ţe God lufedon
vassals/men the God love/fondle
ond ofer eall gemett stearc
and over all measure strong
Ţa(m) mann(an) ţe wiţcwaedon
to those men who oppese/reguse to follow
his willan
his wish/desire/will.
Text č. 8
The Nature of William the Conqueror 3
On ţa(m) ilcan steode ţe God him
On to those same place the God him/them

geude ţaet he moste Engleland
guide then he most England

gegan, he arerde maere mynster
conquer/gain he lift up/build many monasteries

ond munecas ţaer geseate ond hit
and monks there settled and it

waell gegoda. On his dagan
went well. In his days

waes ţaet maere mynster on
was hen mighty monastery in

Cantwarbyrig getymbrad ond eac
Canterbury build and also
swiđe manig ođer ofer eall Engleland
very many other over all England
Eac ţis land waes swiđe afylled
Also his land was very filled
mid munecan and ţa leofodan
with monks and there lived
heore lif aefter sanctus Benedictus regule
their live according to saint Benedict rules
Text č. 9
Poema Morale (1170)
Understanden nu to me, gędi men end earme
Understand now to me every wealthy men and poor
Ich wulle telle of hellepine end warnie eow wiđ hearne
I want to tell of hell pains and warm you with harm
On helle is hunger end đurst, uwell twa ifere,
In hell is hunger and thirst, evil two companions
Ţas pine đolieđ ţa, ţe were metemidinges here
those pains are so extensive, they were minute here

Ţer is wanunge end wop efter eche strete
there is whining and lamantation along each street

Hi fared from hete to chelle, from chelle to hete
They travelled from heat to chill, from chill to heat

Ţenne hi beođ in đe hete, ţe chelecheđ blisse
then they being in the heat, the chill they blessed
Ţenne he cumeđ eft to chele, of hete hi habbeđ misse
then those coming again to chill, of heat they have missed
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ţer is fur, đe is hundred feolde hattre đen ure
there is fire, which is hundred fold hotter then our
Text č. 10
Nepořádky za vlády Štěpána z Blois I.
1137 ţa ţe king Stephen to Englal(ande)
In 1137 when the king Stephen to England

co(m), ţa macod he his gareding
came, then made he his assembly

aet Oxeneford and ţar he na(m)
at Oxford and there he took

ţe biscop Roger of Sereb(e)ri, and
the bishop Roger of Salisbury, and

Alexander Biscop of Lincoln and te
Alexander Bishop of Lincoln and the

Canceler Rog(er), his neves, and dide
Chancellor Roger, his nephew, and put

aelle in p(ri)sum til hi iafen up
all in prison till they gave up

here castles. ţa the suikes undergaeton
their castles. The traitors understood

ţat he milde man waes and softe and god,
that he mild man was and soft and good,

and na iustise he dide,
and no justice he did,

ţa diden hi alle wunder.
when did they all wondered.

Text č. 11
Nepořádky za vlády Štěpána z Blois II.
Hi hadden hi(m) manred maked
They had to him homage made
and athes suoren, ac hi nan treuthe
and oaths sworn, but they no truth (any truth)
ne heolden; alle he waeron
not held; all they were

forsworen and here treothes forloren
forsworn and their truths lost

for aewric rice man his castles
for every rich man their castles

makede and agaenes him
made and against him

heolden, and fylden ţe land full of castles.
held, and filled the land full of castles.


Text č. 12
Nepořádky za vlády Štěpána z Blois III.
Hi swencten swyđe ţe uurecce men of
They tortured the wrecked men of
ţe land mit castlesweorces. Ţa ţe
the land with castleworks. When the
castles waren maked, ţa fylden hi
castles were made, then filled they

mid dewles and yuele men ţa namen
with devels and evil men then took

hi ţa men ţa wenden ţaet ani
they those men who changed theat any

god hefden, bathe be mihtes and be daeies,
property had , both by might and be days

carlmen and wi(m)men, and diden
men and women and put

heo(m) in p(ri)san aft(er) gold and sylver
them in prison after gold and silver was taken from them

and pined heo(m) untellendlice ţining
and tortured them unspeakable torture/ pain

For ne waeren naenre nan matyrs swa
Because not were never no martyrs so

Pived alse hi waeron;
tortured as they were

me henged up bi the fet and
men hanged up by their feet and

smoked heo(m) mid ful smoke
smoked them with full smoke

Text č. 13
Nepořádky za vlády Štěpána z Blois IV.
Me henged bi the ţu(m)bes,
men hanged by the thumbs
other bi be hefed, and henged
other by the heads, and hanged
bryminges on her fet; me dide
armour on their feet, men did
cnotted strenges abuton here
knotted strugs about/ around their

haened and wurythen to paet
heads and turned to that

it gaede to ţe hearves. Hi didem
it went to the brains. They put

heo(m) in quarterne ţar nadres
them in prison where adders

and snakes and pades waeron inne
and snakes and frogs were in

and draţen heo(m) swa.
And kill/destroy them so;

Text č. 14
Z pověsti o králi Learovi a jeho dcerách I.
Sixti winter hafde Leir ţis lond al to walden
Sixty years have Lear this land all to have power over/ wield
Ţe king hafde ţreo dohtren bi his drih(t)liche cwene
The king had three daughters by his noble queen

Nafde he nanne sune, ţerfore he waerţ sari
Never had he son therefore he became/was sorry

His monscipe to halden, buten ţa ţreo dohtren
His breed to hold/keep, but the three daughters

Ţa aeldeđe hatte. Gornoille, ţa oţer Regan, ţa ţridde Cordoille.
Then the oldest had name Gordoille, the other Regan, the third Cordoille.
Heo was ţa gungeste, a whifen abre faireste.
She was the youngest, of beauty fairest of all
Heo was hire fader al swa leoft swa his aggene lift;
She was her father all so dear as his own life

Ţa alded ţe king and wakede an apellen
The older the king and wakened in his power

And he hine loţohte, what he don maehte
And he to him thought what he do might

Of his kineriche after his daege.
Of his kingdom after his days

He saelide to him seolmen, ţat ţat uwel was.
He said to him himself ,that that will was

“He w(u)lle mine riche todon an alley minen dohters.”
I want my kingdom divide to all my daughters
Text č.15
Král Lear II.
And mine kineţéode heom denen
And my kingdom them give
And mine baernen twáemen
And to my children divide
And áerst ich wulle fondien whulchere béo
And first I want to find which is

Mé beste freaond, and héo scal beste
My best friend and he shall best

Dáel habbe of mine drihtlichen londe
Deal have of my noble land

Ţus ţe king ţohte and ţer after hé worhte
Thus the king thought and then after he worked

He cleopede Gornoille, his godfulle dohter
He knocked at Gornoille, hid gutful daughter

Ut of hire búre to hire fader déore
Out of her chamber to her father dear

And ţus spac ţe alde king, ţér hé on apelen sat
And thus spoke the old king, he in dignified power sat

Swiţe deóre ţú aert mé, hú léof aene ich ţé?
Very dear you are to me, how loved am I to you?

Hu muche waeeţ láetest ţu of mé
How much worth lay you of me compared

to walden kineriche?
To rule kingdom

Gornoille was swyţe war, swá béoţ
Gornoille was very clever so as are

wifmen wel iwháer;
women well everywhere;

Text č.16
Z pověsti o králi Learovi a jeho dcerách Lear III.
And salide áne láeninge hire fader ţan kinge:
And said one lie her father the king
“Leóuve fader déore, swá bide ich godes are,
beloved father dear, so bid I God’s honour

Swá helpe mé Appollin, for mím ilaune is al on him,
So help me Appolon, for my belive is all in him

Ţat léowere ţú aert mé áne ţanne
The/that dearer you are me myself then

Ţéos weoreld at clone and get
This world all entirely (than the whole world at all) and yet

Ic ţé wulle spéken wiţ, ţú aert
I want to speak also, you are

Léonere ţanne mí líf, and ţis
Dearer than my life, and this

Ich segge ţé tó sóţe, ţú míht mé
I say truthfully , you might me
Iléné inóh”
Believe enough
Leir, ţé alde king, iléfde his
Lear, the old king believed his
Dohter láesinge, and ţás andswarde
Daughter’s lie, and that answer
Gaf ţat was ţé alde king
Gave that was the old king
Text č.17
Král Lear IV.
Ic ţe Gornoille, segge leoue dohter deore
I you Gornoille, say beloved daughter dear,
God scal beon ţe mede for ţire gretinge
God shall be your reward for/because your greetings/speech
Ic aem, for mire aelde, swiţe unbalded
I am for/because mine old age, very timid/unbolt
And ţu me luuest swiţe, maere ţan al ţat
And you me love very , very much than all that
Is on live…
Is alive
Ich wulle mi drihtliche lond a ţreon
I want my noble land in three
Al to daelen. Ţin is ţe beste dael
All to devide your is the best part/quarter
Ţu aert mi dohter deore, and scalt
You are my daughter dear, and shall
To lauerde habben mine alre beste ţein
To lord have mine of all best heir
Ţe ich maei finden in mine kinellonde
That I may find in my kingdom
After spac ţe alde king wiţ his oţer dohter
After/then spoke the old king with his second daughter
“Leowe dohter Regan, what saiest ţu me
Beloved daughter Regan, what say you me
to raede? Segge ţu before mire dugeţen, hu deore ich aem ţe an hearten
to advise? Say you before my board of noble advisers, how dear I am to your heart
ţa andawarde Regan, mid readfulle worden
than answered Regan, with wise words.
Text č. 18
Král Lear V.
“Al ţat is on lieu, nis me naeh swa deore
All that is alive, nothing me near so dear
Swa me is ţin an lim, me forţe min agene lif
So me is you one limb, not away my own life.
Al he one salide naţing soţ, na mare ţanne
All she not said nothing true/real, not more than
hire suster. Alle hire laesinge hire
her sister. All her lies her
fader ilefde. Ţa andswarde ţe king
father believed. Then answered the king
his dohter him icwemde.
his daughter him pleased.
“ţanne ţridde dael of mine londe ich
that third part of my land I
baiteche ţe on honed. Ţu scalt
commit to your hands. You shall
nime lauerd ţer ţe in alre leowest.”
marry lord who you is all most beloved
Ţa get nolde ţar leodking his
that yet did not want that king his
sofsuţe lilauen. He bete cumen him.
foolishness/stupidity believe. He ordered to come him
before his dohter Cordoille. Heo was alre gungest, of soţe gaer wiţlest.
before his daughter Cordoille. She was the youngest of all, of true years with wisest
And ţe king heo luuede mare ţaune ba twa ţa oţere
And the king he loved more than both two the other.
Text č.19
Král Lear VI.
Cordoille iherde ţa laesinge, ţe hire
Cordoille heard that lies, that her
sustren saliden ţan kinge, nom hire
sisters said the king, took her
laefulne huge, ţat heo legen nolde
lawfully intension, that she lied did not want
Hire fader heo wolde segge soţ
Her father she wanted to say the truth
Weore him leof, weore him laţ
Were him nice, were him unpleasant
ţa cwaţ ţe alde king, unread him folgede:
so spoke the old king, weakness him followed/chased/traced
“Iheren ich wulle of ţe, Cordoille,
Hear I want of you Cordoille
Swa ţe helpe Appollin, hu deore
So you help Appollin, how dear
Ţe beo lif min
is my life to you.
Ţa andswarde Cordoille, lude and nawiht stille
that answered Cordoille, loudly and not still
Mid gomene and mid laehtre to hire fader leowe:
In a human way and with laughter to her father dear:
“ţu aert me leof al swa mi fader
you are me dear so as my father
and ich ţe al swa ţi dohter.
And I you all so your daughter.
Text. č. 20
Král Lear VII.
Ich haebbe to ţe soţfaste luue
I have to you more truthful love
for swiţe we boţ isibbe,
for/because very much we are siblings
and swa ich ibide are, ich wulle ţe
and so I order honor I want you
segge mare. Al swa muchel wurţe
say more . All so much worth
ţu bist swa ţu waldinge aert
you are as you ruling are
and al swa muchel swa ţu hauest
and all as much as you have
men ţe wulleţ luwien. For sone
man who want to love. For soon
he liţ ilaţed ţe men ţe lutelah
he is alien the man who bowed before
ţus salide ţat maeiden Cordoille
thus said that maiden Cordoille
and seoţţen sat swiţe stille.
and afterwards sat very still.
Ţa iwaerţ ţe king wraţ, for he was
Thus became the king angry, for he was
noht icwamed and wende on his
not pleased and changed on his
ţonke ţat hit weore for unţaere
thought that it was for uncouthly
ţat he hire weore swa uwurţ ţat
that he her was so unworthy that
heo hine nolde icwurţien, swa hire
she him not want appreciate as her
twa sustren, ţe ba somed laesinge spaeken.
Two sisters, who both some lies spoke.
Text č. 22
Canterbury Tales II.
Than longen Folk to goon on pilgrimages,
When people long to go on pilgrimages
And palmers for to seken straunge shoudes
and begging friars for to seek strange shores
to ferne halwes, contre in sondry londes:
to far saints, well-known in various lands
And specially, from every shires ende
and especially from every shire’s end
of Engelond , to Canterbury they wende
of England, to Canterbury they went
the holy blissful martir for to seeke
the holy blissful martyr for to seek
that hem hath holpen whan that they were seke
that them has helped, when they were sick.
Text č. 23
Canterbury Tales III
Bifel that, in that sesoun on a day
Happened that in that season on one day
In Soutwerk at the Tabard as I lay
in South work at the Tabard as I lay
Redy to wenden on my pilgrimages
ready to go on my pilgrimage
To Canterbury with ful devout corage
to Canterbury with full devoted heart
At night was come in – to that hostelrye
at night was coming into the hostelry
Well nyne and twenty in a compagnye,
well nine and twenty into a company
of sondry folk, by adventure y-falle
of various people, in coincidence coming together
In fellow-shipe, and pilgrims were they all
into a fellowship, and pilgrims were they all
that toward Canterbury wolden ryde.
that toward Canterbury wanted to ride.
The chambers and the stables were wyde
the chambers and the stables were wide
and all we weren used atte beste.
and well were we accommodated all the best.
Textč.24
AEle ţćra ţe ţas mine word
Each of those who my word
зekýrţ and ţa wyreţ, kiţ зelie
hears and so works, is like
ţam wisam were, se his hús
the wise man, that his house
ofer stán зetimbrode.
over stone builds
Pravopis je důsledně fonetický (období sta.)
germánský ráz věty (ModE – vysoké procento slov románského původu)
slovosled – odlišný od ModE – spíše podobný němčině
rozmanitější flexe než v ModE