Slajdy

Lecture 1: to have
definite and indefinite articles
present continuous
question tags
modal verbs
word order
present simple
wh-questions to have Have you got any money on you? No, I haven’t.
Do you have any money on you? No I don’t.
Feel free to use any of the two alternatives,but never any other! Definite and Indefinite Articles I’ve met an attractive chick. The girl was so beautiful!
A: He has a new computer. B: You mean the old lemon of his?
A: He has made some software by himself. B: You mean the trash no one can use?
The lion is a dangerous animal. (referring to the whole species, group, etc.) Present Continuous Used when:
1. speaking about an activity taking place at the moment
You can’t speak to him now because he is giving his lecture.
The computer is being repaired. Could you use another one?
The sound is breaking up. Is there anything wrong with your sound card? Present Continuous Used when:
2. speaking about someone’s plan, arrangement or intention (usually when referring to the future)
I am not debugging the source code tonight.
I am leaving for London tomorrow.
Is she having her computer fixed or is she dumping it.
Present Continuous Used when:
3. Referring to the activities taking place repeatedly which the speaker considers annoying:
She is talking nonsense all the time.
The monitor is flickering (all the time). verbs not usually occurring in continuous forms: admire, adore, astonish, be, believe, belong, concern, consist, contain, deserve, detest, dislike, doubt, envy, exist, fit, forget, hate, hear, imagine, impress, include, involve, keep, know, lack, last, like, love, matter, mean, owe, own, please, possess, prefer, reach, realize, remember, satisfy, seem, sound, stop, suppose, surprise, survive, suspect, understand, want, wish Question Tags He does not like this programming language, does he?
I am speaking too quickly, aren’t I?
I am not speaking too quickly, am I?
He must be a good programmer, mustn’t he?
He mustn’t plug the mouse in now, must he?
He needn’t have his card replaced, need he?
The computer has got two disks, hasn’t it?
The computer has two disks, doesn’t it?
Modal Verbs can, cannot, can’t (to be able to)
may, may not, mustn’t (to be allowed to)
must, needn’t (to have to)
Examples:
I can work in that programming language.
They mustn’t format the disk.
She needn’t have the monitor replaced. It’s still all right. (she would do it in vain) Word Order Word order in an English declarative sentence is governed by SVOMPT (subject, verb, object, adverbial of manner, place and time). Present Simple Used when:
1. The speaker refers to an activity which takes place regularly:
I get up at six every morning.
I work with the computer all the time.
He updates his software now and then.
They upload the files three times a week. Present Simple Used when:
2. The speaker refers to scheduled activities in the future (usually those occurring at fixed times):
The performance starts at 6 p.m. (is scheduled to start)
What time does the bus leave tonight? (is scheduled to leave)
Wh-questions Special attention should be paid to word order - questions asking about subject vs. others.
Who broke the computer down?
Who has changed the modem settings?
Who went there with you?
Why has he changed the modem settings?
Who (whom) have you met there?
Who (whom) did you go there with? Homework Specialist Reading:
Computer Users - Introduction
Computers Make the World Smaller and Smarter
Angličtina pro jaz. školy I:
p. 42 exercise 8.5
p. 53 exercise 10.6
p. 72 exercise 14.4.
Lecture 2: pronunciation – phonetic transcription
future tense
another, the other, other, others, the others
ordinals
There is … There are…
some, any, countable vs. uncountable pronunciation – phonetic symbols - bat, hat, fat, mat, bad, hag, fag
- postman, confirm, modem, bird, proliferate, data
- three, thick, thin, thumb, thistle, through
- the, these, those, fathom, sunbathe
- sing, ring, bring, string, during
d,t – aspiration: tree, take, true, during, double
There is basically no Czech phone (hláska) that has its absolute counterpart (protějšek) in English! and pronunciation Future Tense (Simple) Used:
1. to express a future fact or prediction:
The computer will always malfunction.
It will be windy tomorrow.

2. to express a sudden decision:
I will do it right now.

3. to express an offer or request:
Shall I install the application for you?
Will you tell me how to work with those variables? Future Tense (Simple) Used:
4. to express an opinion about the future (following verbs such as think, suppose, doubt and in combination with probably)
I think I will have my sound card replaced.
I suppose you will hate me after all these lectures.
I doubt he will ever pass the exam without studying hard.
They will probably upgrade their hardware.
Future Tense (Simple) Used:
5. to express strong probability:
The monitor’s flickering. Oh, that will be the cable.
Additional notes:
I will = I’ll
I will not = I won’t
Questions: inversion another another (ještě jeden, jiný) – used with singular countable nouns:
I will have another cup of coffee, please.
You had better install another application processing images.
I need another computer. This one is too slow for me. some other some other (nějaký jiný) – used with uncountable nouns or plural countable nouns (nějaké jiné):
I would like to use some other hardware.
How about asking some other students? other, others other … (jiní …), others (jiní) – plural use:
Some applications are user-friendly, other applications are not.
Some applications are user-friendly, others are not.
I would love to work with (some) other computers, not these.
That is, (some) others would not be down all the time. the other, the others the other ... (”ostatní ...” in plural, “ten druhý” in singular), the others (ostatní):
I prefer the other programming language.
The other processor is much faster.
John and the other students always leave the keyboards greasy.
The computer I named Marry never freezes, unlike the others. Ordinals 1st, 2nd, 3rd (the first, second, third)
4th, 5th, 6th … (the fourth, fifth, sixth ...)
June 25, 2004 There is … There are ... Used:
to express something is in a certain place
to express something exists (existential use)

Examples:
There is a card in the slot.
Are there any jumpers on the board.
There are lots of stupid people in the world.
There are sites I always love returning to. some, any, countable vs. uncountable “some” + plural in declarative sentence = nějaké
He was moving some jumpers around the board.
They brought us some WR CDs. some, any, countable vs. uncountable “some” + singular (uncountable) in declarative sentence = nějaký, -á
There is some information about it in the book.
Don’t bring me just some diskettes! Bring me the Verbatime ones! some, any, countable vs. uncountable “some” in question  polite offer expecting “yes”
Would you like some tea?
How about some cookies?
Would you like some further information about it? some, any, countable vs. uncountable “any” in positive declarative sentence = jakýkoliv, jakákoliv, jakékoliv
Could you bring me any CD you can lay your hands on?
Any mistake she makes is serious. some, any, countable vs. uncountable “any” in questions = nějaký, nějaká, nějaké
Have you received any information from him.
Have you got any questions concerning this phenomenon?
Any computer at home? (colloquial) some, any, countable vs. uncountable “any” in negative declarative sentences meaning “žádný“:
There isn’t any free space on my hard drive.
They haven’t given me any project to work on.
They don’t have any spare modem. Homework Angličtina pro jazykové školy I:
p. 94 exercise 18.3
p. 118 exercise 21.6
Specialist Reading:
Computer Architecture - Introduction
Cache Memory - How a Disk Cache Works
Lecture 3: was / were, had
past tense (simple)
passives
comparatives, superlatives (adjectives + adverbs)
as … as …, so … as
indirect questions was / were I  waswe  were
you  wereyou  were
he, she, it  wasthey  were
was x wasn’t, were x weren’t
The hard disk drive needed replacing because it was faulty.
The applications were worth downloading since we found them useful.
It was you that called me last night, wasn’t it? was / were I was able to install the application without his assistance.
Was the program able to communicate with all the hardware flawlessly?
They were allowed to enter the building without their ID cards.
Students were allowed to jumper the pins. had I had an SCSI card, but I never succeeded in getting it to run.
My computer did not have enough memory resources to run smoothly.
Have you ever had any operating system that was bug-free?
This type of modem can no longer be had. had The students had to make a website to pass the exam.
The administrator had to change access rights of the file to prevent its misuse.
He did not have to have his licence renewed. (to renew a licence)
Did all the employees have to submit their CVs? (curriculum vitae)
Used:
1. to refer to completed actions or events which took place at a particular time or over a period of time in the past:

I bought my first computer when I was seventeen and then I worked with it every day.
When did you last use this word processor.
I reconfigured the system yesterday.

2. to refer to repeated actions in the past:

He played tennis on a regular basis five years ago.
Students did not use any WIFI when I attended college. Past Tense (Simple) Used:
3. when two actions happen one after another (the sequence of the actions in the sentence corresponds to the real one – typical of storytelling, etc.):
I came to school, turned on my computer, logged in and started the program.
Sequence: coming to school  turning on the computer  logging in  starting the program
Past Tense (Simple) Past Tense (Simple) Other examples:
I came to school, turned on my computer and found out I had left my CD behind.
Sequence: leaving the CD behind  coming to school  turning on the computer coming  finding out
I inserted the diskette into the drive and formatted it because my anti-virus software had detected a virus on it.
Sequence: detecting a virus  inserting the diskette  formatting it Passives The modem was initialized before it dialed the number.
The formatting procedure was not completed due to surface damage.
Is the computer still being repaired?
The CD is still being burnt.
Was the CD burnt yesterday? formed by means of the -er suffix (in short adjectives – one or, sometimes (but not always!), two syllables) and more in long ones; much, far = mnohem
My processor is faster than his.
The girl’s legs are hairier than mine.
Since my computer is more powerful than his, he envies me.
I find my computer far more amusing than my girlfriend because it never talks back.
AI is much more useful now than it has ever been before.
Wrong !!: He gave me a bigger sum of money. Comparatives formed by means of the -est suffix (in short adjectives – one or, sometimes (but not always!), two syllables) and most in long ones:
The easiest way of going about it is by upgrading your hardware.
She is the girl with the smoothest legs I have ever met.
His modem established the connection of absolutely the highest possible transfer rate.
I find her most fascinating of all. Superlatives Comparatives and Superlatives – additional notes much, far + comparative = mnohem
absolutely, entirely, completely, utterly, downright + superlative = úplně nej …
The rules concerning comparatives and superlatives of short adverbs are the same as those of long adjectives (e.g. more nicely, most precisely)
Long adverbs: (in) a more beautiful way, (in) the most wonderful way
Irregulars: good – better – the best
bad – worse – the worst as … as …; so … as … My boyfriend’s one is as efficient as her friend’s.
His processor is twice as fast as mine.
She is a hundred times as good at English as him (he is).
Algebra is not nearly as enjoyable as biology.
His operating system is not so powerful as I thought it to be.
Note: so … as … is only used in negative sentences!! Indirect Questions Word order in indirect questions is the same as in declarative sentences.
Who is the producer of the USB controller? He wants to know who the producer of the USB controller is.
Where did the virus come from? I don’t know where the virus came from.
What time is it? He asked me what the time was.
What’s he doing now? I don’t have a clue of what he is doing now. Well I've heard those city singers singin' 'bout how they can love,…. than the oceans, …. than the stars above.Well, I come from the country, and I know I …. seen it all.But I heard that ocean's salty, and the stars, they sometimes fall.And that would not do justice to the way I feel for you.So I had to sing this song about all the things I knew.My love is deeper than the holler.…. than the river.…. than the pine trees growin' tall upon the hill.My love is …. than the snowflakes,That fall in late December.And honest as a …. on a springtime window ....And longer than the song of a whippoorwill. Deeper Than the Holler - Randy Travis From the back roads to the Broadway shows with a million miles between,There's …. a million love songs that people love to sing.And every one is different, and every one's the same.And this is just another way of sayin' the same thing.My love is deeper than the holler.…. than the river.…. than the pine trees growin' tall upon the hill.My love is …. than the snowflakes,That fall in late December.And honest as a …. on a spring-time window …..And …. than the song of a whippoorwill. Homework Angličtina pro jazykové školy I:
p. 131 exercise 24.3
p. 144 exercise 26.5
p. 157 exercise 28.11
p. 170 exercise 32.3
Specialized reading:
Computer Applications Introduction, Data Mining
Lecture 4: definite and indefinite articles
much – many, little – few
every, each, both, all
could, should, would
some, any
negative sentences Indefinite article used in the sense of “nějaký” (the first occurrence of noun):
He has bought himself a new digital camera.
There