Slajdy

is a loose screw on the chassis.
A man came up to me and asked me for a light.
The controller houses a USB socket.
He passed me a diskette and told me to install the program it bore.
He’ll be able to open the file. He has a computer. Definite and Indefinite Articles Definite article used:
i. if a noun refers to something that is contextually defined, implied or simply given:
He was given a new monitor. A fortnight later he found out the monitor malfunctioned.
The program you were talking about a while ago does not run under Windows.
Take the bloody keyboard and leave me alone! Definite and Indefinite Articles Definite article used:
ii. if a noun represents somebody or something of unique character:
The sun was shining all day long.
I met the President of the Czech Republic.
The Prime Minister hopes the situation gets better.
The truth is he hates command-based operating systems. Definite and Indefinite Articles Definite article used:
iii. if the speaker, using an adjective, intends to refer to a group of people sharing a certain quality denoted by the adjective :
The young always know best.
Computers can help the disabled a lot.
The chronologically disadvantaged are often senile.
The blind can make use of screen readers. Definite and Indefinite Articles Definite article used:
iv. if an expression represents a proper name containing a noun that can stand on its own:
He visited the Tate Gallery last week.
The Prague Castle is a popular site sought after by foreigners.
The Czech Republic has the population of 10 million.
The United States attacked Iraq.

v. in the Ukraine, the Hague, the Netherlands Definite and Indefinite Articles No articles used in front of:
names of days and months: June, Thursday
names of people, cities and countries (except those containing nouns that can stand on their own): Peter, Russia
names of languages: English, American, Czech
nouns denoting meals: lunch, breakfast, supper
names of sports: tennis, squash, swimming

Note: No indefinite articles used in front of uncountable nouns!! Definite and Indefinite Articles much + uncountable noun (usually in questions and negative sentences):
How much money have you got on you?
There isn’t much data to download.
many + countable noun (usually in questions and negative sentences):
How many students study conscientiously? There aren’t many of them, are there?
In positive sentences, there is a tendency towards using a lot of or lots of in front of both countable nouns and uncountable ones. Much – Many, Little - Few little + uncountable noun:
He gave me too little information for me to do anything about the situation.
As a university teacher, he earns very little money.
He earns less money than me.

few + countable noun:
Only few programmers work like that.
He brought too few girls to the party for the boys to have fun.
There were fewer clusters damaged than I had expected. Much – Many, Little - Few a little + uncountable noun (meaning “trochu”, “nějaký“):
There is a little water in the glass.
Could you bring me a little sugar?
a few + countable noun (meaning “pár“):
There are a few CDs lying on the table.
The source code had a few bugs. Much – Many, Little - Few everybody, everything, everywhere, every time:
Everybody knows such a thing.
I was looking for my glasses everywhere.

each (often with of):
Each of these cables has no shielding.
Each of these sites has some pornographic content.
Each of them sits in front of their computer by day and night. Every, Each, Both, All both, both of:
Both my girlfriends don’t want me to find myself another one.
Both the CDs are scratched.
Both of these images have the same resolution.
all, all of:
All programs written in C don’t work properly.
All of the programs written in C don’t work properly. Every, Each, Both, All Could you please attach the cable to the card?
Could you stay away from that device? It might kill you.
We shouldn’t delete the files without knowing what they contain.
Programmers should keep to these syntactic rules.
I would buy the program if it were not so expensive.
Would you be so kind as to debug the source code for me? Could, Should, Would Some, Any Bring me any anti-virus software you can lay your hands on, please.
Would you like some assistance? (polite offer)
I kept the initialization file somewhere else.
You can take it anywhere you want.
Don’t tell anyone else, please.
I cannot lend you any money for I have none. He has asked no one about that yet. He has not asked anyone about that yet.
He hardly ever uses that type of variable, does he?
He can hardly understand what I am talking about.
None of the disks is large enough to store so much data.
Which of them do you prefer? None, I am afraid.
No girl can ever fully satisfy my needs. That’s why I have the virtual one.
Note: Negative sentence in English always contains only one negative expression!! Negative Sentences A Mormon girl: “As drunk as a lord! This can hardly be my boyfriend.” Negative Sentences Angličtina pro jazykové školy I:
p. 191 exercise 35.7
p. 193 exercise 36.4
p.204 exercise 38.7
p. 205 exercise 39.4
Specialist Reading:
Data Mining Homework
Lecture 5: placement of adverbs
to be able to …, to be allowed to …, to have to …
mine, yours, his, hers …
that conjunction
using infinitive instead of a clause
direct and indirect objects – tell vs. say The following adverbs go in the position of not (after auxiliary and before notional verb). If not is present, then they follow it: always, never, ever, often, usually, hardly, seldom, almost, nearly, certainly, quite, really, still

She usually uses the compiler he has installed for her.
My operating system never malfunctions.
When he was speaking, I could hardly hear him.
Have you ever considered being environmentally friendly and not buying any other hard disks?
I seldom study. Do you think I will ever pass the exam?
This monitor is nearly the same as hers. Placement of Adverbs can  to be able to
Will you ever be able to get the computer to work?
Being able to understand English-written manuals does not mean you know English.
He has installed peer-to-peer software to be able to share his files with other users.
If I had been able to come in time, I would.
Using the connection of such a bandwidth, you will be able to transfer videos. to be able to …, to be allowed to …, to have to … may  to be allowed to
Will you ever be allowed to use his notebook?
When in a lesson, students were not allowed to speak unless asked.
If I am allowed to look inside the computer, I will.
He was trying to ingratiate himself with her to be allowed to walk her home. to be able to …, to be allowed to …, to have to … must  to have to
Provided he has to submit his essay by the end of this week, he should start his research as soon as possible.
To be able to use Unix, he had to learn some basic commands.
If you want to interconnect so many computers, you will have to use a hub.
He disliked the rule due to having to keep to it. to be able to …, to be allowed to …, to have to … my  mineour  ours
your  yoursyour  yours
his  histheir  theirs
her  hers
its  its
A friend of mine (one of my friends) taught me how to use hashes.
My computer is far faster than his.
My RAM is somewhat larger than theirs.
My Dad’s computer does not have any USB port as opposed to my Mum’s. mine, yours, his, hers … negative implication:
Do something about that dog of yours. It keeps messing up my flowerbed.
I will never talk to that neighbor of hers because she despises me.
Dou you think I will ever install that bloody software of hers again?
How about doing something about that hair of yours. It looks appalling. mine, yours, his, hers … that can be left out unless it represents subject:
I hope (that) the file transfer resumes.
That’s the card (that) I bought a few years ago.
He presumed (that) the computer would not report buffer underrun.
He told me (that) he would not like her to tamper with the device.
He is the person that informed me about it.
Why should I use the software that is so bulky?
The modem that cannot be configured properly belongs to him. that conjunction if subjects in Czech sentence are identical:
I defragmented the disk to speed up data loading.
My boss gave me a bonus to make me work better.
He bought himself a new VGA to be able to play 3D games.
He formatted her disk not to leave any data on it.
He did not dare open the attachment not to catch a virus.
He covered his face not to scare the pants off her. Using Infinitive Instead of a Clause if subjects in Czech sentence are not identical:
I defragmented the disk for the data to load faster.
My boss gave me a bonus for me to work better.
He formatted the disk for no data to be left on it.
He did not open the attachment for the virus not to infect his computer.
He covered his face for her not to faint. Using Infinitive Instead of a Clause He showed me a picture of his wife. (He showed a picture of his wife to me.)
He lent me a CD with his music. (He lent a CD with his music to me.)
My brother bought himself a CD writer. (My brother bought a CD writer for himself.)
She told me a staggering story.
She told me. (She told me about it.) - Řekla mi to.
She said it to me. What did she say to you? 
 no other versions admissible!!!! Direct and Indirect Objects – tell vs. say Angličtina pro jazykové školy I:
p. 218 exercise 42.4
p. 230 exercise 7
p.238 exercise 46.3
p. 239 exercise 47.2
p. 249 exercise 49.6
Specialist Reading:
Operating Systems - Introduction
Linux Homework:
Lecture 6: to be going to
who, whom, whose, which, that
phrasal verbs - get
test-related information The phrase used to express:
“near future” - Czech has its equivalent in “hodlat něco udělat” or “chystat se něco udělat”; used when something is planned before being definite
I am going to assign this value to the scalar variable.
She is not going to have her license renewed unless they tell her to do so.
Are you going to change the IRQ of the modem to reconcile it with your sound card? To Be Going To The phrase used to express:
an action that is likely to happen (taking into account the conditions we are witnessing and that normally lead to the action)
The sky has got overcast. It is going to rain.
He’s turned red. He is going to rage.
She is tampering with the computer. It is going to freeze.
Microsoft have raised prices. Linux is going to be praised for being free again. To Be Going To Notice the difference:
I am going to fix the computer. X I will fix the computer.
plan decision
I am going to divorce him. X I will divorce him.
plan decision, fact (high probability)
I am not going to do it.
I don’t plan to
X
I will not do it.
decision, fact To Be Going To Notice the difference:

Are you going to do it? X Will you do it? X Will you be doing it?

Is your programmer going to use this GUI?
X
Will your programmer use this GUI?
X
Will your programmer be using this GUI? To Be Going To Correct: I think he will not succeed in getting the OS to run.
I suppose the modem will not work with this initialization string.
I reckon he will never get round her.

Wrong: I think he is not going to succeed in getting the OS run.
I suppose the modem is not going to work with this initialization string.
I reckon he is never going to get round her. To Be Going To Contraction: gonna + infinitive - highly informal style
I am gonna grass on you.
She’s not gonna discuss that with you.
Other ways of expressing intention:
I was about to say it, but you beat me to that.
My girlfriend was on the point of starting the virus-infected program when I entered the room. To Be Going To who, whom, whose - used in connection with people; whose also allows other uses; he  who, him  whom, his  whose
She is the kind of person who will never learn programming.
I am not going to tell you who gave me the information.
Whom did you give it to? Who did you give it to?
I don’t know whom it was done by. I don’t know who it was done by. I don’t know by whom it was done.
Whose diskette is this?
I don’t know whose diskette it is. Who, Whom, Whose, Which, That Other uses of “whose”:
This is the computer whose hard disk is faulty. This is the computer the hard disk of which is faulty.
I am not going to buy a disk whose size is lower than 10 GB. I am not going to buy a disk the size of which is lower than 10 GB.
He brought me a keyboard whose cable was frayed. He brought me a keyboard the cable of which was frayed. Who, Whom, Whose, Which, That Which, who - defining and non-defining relative clauses:
My brother who (that) is 10 plays computer games by day and night.
essential, defining information
X
My brother, who is 10, plays computer games by day and night.
additional, non-defining information Who, Whom, Whose, Which,That The assignment statement which (that) is at the beginning of the source code is wrong.
essential, defining information
X
The assignment statement, which is at the beginning of the source code, is wrong.
additional, non-defining information
He lost the CD (which, that) I had lent him, which got me down. - essential (Czech “které”) and additional information (Czech “což”) Who, Whom, Whose, Which, That I will never get along with her. I will never get on with her. (see eye to eye with her)
I cannot get along without a CD writer. (do without)
I will never get over the tragedy of my Marry contracting the virus.
I usually get up at 5.
What are you getting at?
He got on/off the bus.
Get in/out of the car! I’m leaving.
He wanted to marry her, but he got out of it. (backed out of it)
I wonder how I can get by with the money I make.
Let’s get this lecture over (and done with). Phrasal Verbs - Get Angličtina pro jazykové školy I:
p. 261 exercise 53.8
p. 271 exercise 5
Specialist Reading:
no reading assigned this week Homework:
Lecture 7: present perfect simple
present perfect continuous
myself, yourself … themselves Used to express:
i. an