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History of the UK

AJ - Anglický jazyk

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History of the UK

1 Pre-historic period
Stonehenge (approx. 3,500 years old)

2 The Celts (800 B.C. – A.D. 43)
They came from Central Europe in 3 waves (The Gaels, Brythons and Belgae). Originally they were pagan (priests known as Druids), later converted to Christianity. They were famous for their arts, they were warlike people, traders. Celtic languages are still spoken in some parts of the UK (Scottish Gaelic, Welsh, Irish).

3 The Romans (A.D. 43 – 407)
When they invaded Britain in A.D. 43 they founded a colony there called Britannia. Only the British upper classes became romanized. They also founded what is nowadays the City of London (they called their capital Londinium). The permanent effect of Roman rule: Roman roads, the Lat. Word “castra“ in a number of place names (e.g. Chester, Worchester, Leicester …) and remains of Hadrian’s wall (to protect the territory from invasions from the north).

4 The Anglo-Saxons (ca 350 – 8th cent.)
Germanic tribes (Angles, Saxons and Jutes). Even though the A.-S. accepted Christianity, they kept much of their culture – told and retold legends about brave warriors fighting monsters and dragons. One of them – about Beowulf written down in the 8th century (an epic poem) – the most important work of art of A.-S. literature. St. Augustine (A.D. 597) /a monk/ converted the Anglo-Saxons to Christianity. (Later he became the 1st Archbishop of Canterbury). England in this period was divided into several kingdoms – they were united in 829 by Ecgbert, King of Wessex (he is considered to be the 1st king of England. The best known Anglo-Saxon king is Alfred the Great (871-901). He was an educated king – translated books from Latin into Old English. He also stopped Danish Vikings in their invasions and made peace with them – he recognized the right of the Danes to rule the northest part of the country “Danelaw“.

5 The Vikings (8th cent. – 11th cent.)
The

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