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History of the UK

AJ - Anglický jazyk

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48) – plague – the population reduced tremendously

e)The Wars of Roses (1455-1485)
Dynastic struggle betw. The House of York (white rose) and the House of Lancaster (red rose) for the possession of the crown – the powerful nobles more or less wiped out one another = self-destruction of the nobles as a ruling class. Richard III (the last of the House of York) was killed in the battle at Bosworth Field 1485. The winner was Henry Tudor (Henry VII) – start of a new era. (a family called the Tudors were fighting on the Lancastrian side).

8 The Tudor Period (1485-1603) /capitalism/
England became one of the leading world powers. Important events of the period:
a)great geographical discoveries (America, sea-route to India)
b)cooperation betw. the monarchy and the new class (bourgeoisie) – their interests were temporarily identical
c)the development of industry and trade
d)the Reformation
e)the defeat of the Spanish Armada

Henry VIII (1509-1547)
Famous for his 6 wives, festivities, hunting. He encouraged art, literature, music. He carried out the Reformation (1534) /wanted to divorce Catherine of Aragon but didn’t get the approval of the Pope. So he established the English Church – protestant religion - and made himself the head of it / It increased the King’s political and economic power.
(Edward VI – too young and sick, Mary I (1553-58) a Catholic “Bloody Mary“)
Elizabeth I (1558-1603)
Henry VIII’s daughter. “Elizabethan Age“(renaissance in England- drama flourished-Shakespeare). She encouraged trading expeditions, capitalist enterprise, enforced the Protestant religion by law. Conflict with Roman Catholic Spain – the invincible Spanish Armada defeated. England became the leading power on the sea – colonial expansion. Eliz. I ruled also by female diplomacy (she remained unmarried-the Virgin Queen) – she kept hoping many European kings to marry her. She kept peace with their countries.

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