Slajdy

finished reading the manual, I will try to get it to work.
I will let you go out as soon as you have done your homework.
The student will be admitted to a higher grade after he/she has passed all the necessary exams. Time Clauses and their Conjunctions Saxon Genitive used to:
i. express belonging to a person or, sometimes, animal:
This is my father’s modem.
No one is allowed to touch my children’s toys.
Teachers often underestimate their students’ learning potential.
ii. to express place, distance, periods of time, measure, value, etc.
We set out for an hour’s walk. (a one-hour walk)
I have bought a sixteen inches’ monitor. (a sixteen-inch monitor)
This twenty kilometers’ trip will never end. (twenty-kilometer trip) Saxon Genitive That’s what I told you at the last week’s lecture.
Hope they don’t thwart the tomorrow’s plan of mine.
He has only brought me a fifty centimeters’ cable. (a fifty-centimeter cable)
Notice the difference:
Sunday’s newspapers (this Sunday’s) X the Sunday papers (Sunday edition - generally)
the Thirty Year’s War (the name of the war) X a thirty-year war (the one lasting thirty years) Saxon Genitive So do I. - Já také. (So + auxiliary (modal verb) + subject)
Neither do I. - Já také ne. (Neither + auxiliary (modal verb) + subject)
He dislikes the FLASH technology. So does she.
He can’t work with that program. Neither can my Dad.
They have overslept today. So has my brother.
Our bandwidth does not enable us to transfer a large volume of data. Neither does theirs.
He is as thick as two short planks. So is his sister. So do I., Neither do I., and their Variations Remember:
She has a new car. So does he.
She has got a new car. So has he.
She mustn’t increment that value. Neither must they.
They needn’t have used fractions in the equation. Neither need he.
He mustn’t speak during the lessons. Neither must she.
They never produce bug-free software. Neither do I. So do I., Neither do I., and their Variations You can hardly make her scared like this. Oh, come on! Neither can you. So do I., Neither do I., and their Variations Angličtina pro jazykové školy II:
p. 125 exercise 16.3
p. 126 exercise 17.3
p. 128 exercise 18.5
Specialist Reading:
Networks - Introduction
Network Communications Homework:
Lecture 13: Participles
Use of Gerunds Participles are often used to shorten sentences:
i. The simple -ing form: used to refer to simultaneous actions or parallel states:

When he was browsing the site, he received several cookies.
X
(When) Browsing the site, he received several cookies.
(the subjects are identical)

While he was tampering with the hardware, he made a real mess of it.
X
(While) Tempering with the hardware, he made a real mess of it. Participles Since gateways amplify the signal they receive, they ensure its appropriate strength.
X
Amplifying the received signal, gateways ensure its appropriate strength.

Since it is a terminal which comprises a monitor and keyboard only, it is considered a dumb client.
X
Being a terminal comprising a monitor and keyboard only, it is considered a dumb client. Martin Dvořák:
Participles Passive forms:

When the file was transferred in the binary mode, it was stripped of carriage returns.
X
Being transferred in the binary mode, the file was stripped of carriage returns.

When they are not asked, they should be quiet.
X
Not being asked, they should be quiet. Participles ii. The past participle form:

This is the matter which was discussed many times before.
X
This is the matter discussed many times before.

He received the e-mail which was addressed to everyone.
X
He received the e-mail addressed to everyone.

This is the station which is connected to the network.
X
This is the station connected to the network. Participles Beavis: Cool, eh, eh, a pet run over by a steamroller!
Beavis and Butthead Participles iii. Past Gerund form: (having + past participle) - used to denote chronological separation

After the data-link layer receives confirmation that the packet has arrived undamaged, it deletes the packet.
X
Having received confirmation that the packet has arrived undamaged, the data-link layer deletes it.

After the modem detected noise on the line, it terminated the connection.
X
Having detected noise on the line, the modem terminated the connection. Participles When she found out her boyfriend was cheating on her, she broke up with him.
X
Having found out her boyfriend was cheating on her, she broke up with him.

Since the message was not re-routed properly, it did not avoid the congestion.
X
Not having been re-routed properly, the message did not avoid the congestion.

Note: Use of participles makes speech (writing) sound (look) formal and academic!! Participles Making scripts for my boss is my worst nightmare.
X
The making of scripts for my boss is my worst nightmare. (archaic)
The most common preposition-free verbs followed by gerunds:
admit, appreciate, avoid, celebrate, commence (začít), consider, deny, detest (nesnášet), dislike, enjoy, fear, finish, go, imagine, keep, mention, mind, miss, postpone, practice, resist (odolávat), stand (vystát), suggest
The golden rule to remember: When you can put “something” behind the verb, if you want to put another verb behind it, it should be in the gerund form. Use of Gerunds He admitted making a mistake.

I appreciate her debugging the source code. (I appreciate that she is debugging/she debugs the source code.)
I appreciate her having debugged the source code. (I appreciated that she has debugged the source code)

My schoolmate considered buying himself a new computer.

He does not enjoy working with that programming language.

I hate him/his smoking in this room. Use of Gerunds The most common verbs combined with prepositions:
agree with, apologize for, approve of (souhlasit s, schvalovat), benefit from (mít prospěch z), depend on, feel like (mít chuť), insist on (trvat na), look forward to, object to (mít námitky vůči), rely on, resort to (uchýlit se k), succeed in, think of, vote for (hlasovat pro)
I apologized for sending him a virus-infected file.
He strongly objected to using FLASH technology on that site.
I don’t feel like learning to work with another OS.
They resorted to launching the applications from the command line.
Our teacher succeeded in mastering some basic Unix commands. Use of Gerunds Angličtina pro jazykové školy II:
p. 156 exercise 21.6
Specialist Reading:
Network Configurations
Analog and Digital Transmission
C Language Homework:
Lecture 14: Use of Gerunds II
Concessions
have (get) something done
Additional If and When - Related Information Gerund is also used after the prepositions by,after, before, instead of, besides, without, despite, in spite of
Important note: Gerund after these prepositions can only be used provided the subject of the Czech subordinate clause (vedlejší věta) is the same as the subject of the main clause (hlavní věta).
By typing a wrong password, he could not log in. (tím, že ...)
After installing cables in every office, they mounted sockets on the walls. (poté, co …)
You had better consult the documentation before changing its default settings. (před tím, než …)
Instead of trying to fix the computer by yourself, you should call in a programmer. (místo toho, aby …) Gerunds II Besides pushing the variable into the array, she also changed its value. (kromě toho, že …) Note: besides X beside
Do you think you could write the source code without using any while loops? (aniž bys …)
Despite having terminated the chain, he could not get the SCSI hardware to operate. (přesto, že …) - he terminated the chain before he could not get the hardware to operate
My colleague could not hear any sound in spite of turning his speakers up as much as he could.
but
No sound could be heard in spite of the fact my colleague turned the speakers up. (different subjects  in spite of the fact, despite the fact) Martin Dvořák:
Gerunds II We went out despite the fact it was raining. (different subjects)
= We went out despite the rain.

They decided to tell him in spite of the fact he was angry. (different subjects)
= They decided to tell him in spite of his anger. Gerunds II Concessions are usually introduced by in spite of, despite, although (though), even if, even though, no matter.
Although he updated his virus definitions, his anti-virus program could not detect the worm. (ačkoliv)
He stayed at home though he did not want to.
Even if you searched the Internet for it, you would not find it. (i kdyby …)
X
Even if he searches the Internet for it, he will not find it. (i když ...)
- the same rules like those governing conditionals Concessions - Přípustkové věty no matter who = whoever = kdokoli
no matter what = whatever = cokoli
no matter which = whichever = kterýkoli
no matter when = whenever = kdykoli
no matter where = wherever = kdekoli
no matter how + adverb or adjective!! = however + adverb = jakkoli
Whoever (no matter who) told you to uninstall the driver, he/she (they) was (were) wrong.
Whichever (no matter which) man she marries, one day he will turn into a fat friend anyway.
No matter which (whichever) of them says so, don’t believe them. Concessions - No matter ... Whenever (no matter when) he hooks up the computers tomorrow, we will not be able to use them.
Tell him to drop me a line wherever (no matter where) he is. (napsat)
However (no matter how) much the computer malfunctions, I don’t want to throw her away.
No matter how (however) well-written a script is, it always takes some time to execute.
He decided to marry her however terrible her lip fissure looked.
Notice: The part of the sentence containing “no matter” or (-ever) does not contain future tense even if it refers to the future. The future tense is put into the other part (main clause).
Whatever happens, I will always stand by your side. Concessions - No matter ... - nechat si něco udělat;
Important note: Make sure you always keep the items making up the phrase in the same order.
I would like to have the system configured by a specialist.
Are you having the software delivered or do you plan to pick it up on your own?
Have you ever had your hard drive repartitioned?
They must have got the homework done by someone. It does not have a single mistake.
How could you have had a live wire insulated by him. Look at his fingers now.
Special case:
She had her purse stolen. - Ukradli jí peněženku. have (get) something done The cases in which if and when are followed by a future tense since they do not function as time conjunctions:
I do not know if he will use the disk. Its capacity is too low for him. (vedlejší věta předmětná)
I wonder when he will drop by. (vedlejší věta předmětná)
They would like to know when we will start using the device in the full-duplex mode. (vedlejší věta předmětná)
I can’t really tell you now if I will let her know about it. It depends on the circumstances. (vedlejší věta předmětná) Conjuctions if, when - additional information Angličtina pro jazykové školy II:
p. 167 exercise 22.6
p. 190 exercise 24.4
p. 191 exercise 25.4
Specialist Reading:
The Internet - Introduction
How TCP/IP Links Dissimilar Machines Homework:
Lecture 15: Infinitive Replacing a Clause - Additional Information
Verbs Denoting a Change of State
Exclamations Revision:
She has installed a modem to be able to connect to the internet via a phone line. - same subjects
She shut down the system for it not to irritate her any more. - different subjects
Other situations in which infinitive is used instead of a clause:
ii. ordinals (řadové číslovky), last, only:
He was the first to reveal the bug in the program. (první, kdo ...)
They were the last to see the computer functional. (poslední, kdo …)
My Dad was the only person in our family to know how to ground the device. (jediný, kdo …) Infinitive Replacing a Clause ii. enough - dostatečně, dost (always follows an