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Stáhnout celý tento materiálGATT General agreement on Tariffs and Trade
GATT is a multilateral trade agreement with the authority to regulate the trade regulations of its member governments. As an international treaty, it has no authority over individuals, private firms, or public corporations. Rather, it governs the interactions of countries that voluntarily agree to abide by its rules.
GATT was first signed in 1947 after World War II to ensure a stable trade and economic world environment. The agreement was designed to provide an international forum that encouraged free trade between member states by regulating and reducing tariffs on traded goods and by providing a common mechanism for resolving trade disputes.GATT membership now includes more than 110 countries.
The countries who signed GATT occasionally negotiated new trade agreements that all would enter into. Each such set of agreements was called a "round". In general, each of these agreements bound the members to reduce certain HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tariff" \o "Tariff" tariffs, with many special-case treatments of individual products, and in many cases with exceptions and modifications for each country.
The GATT completed 8 rounds of multilateral trade negotiations (MTNs). The Uruguay Round (the 8th round) concluded with the signing of the Final Act on April 15, 1994, in Marrakesh, and produced the World Trade Agreement (WTO) and its annexes. On 1 January 1995 GATT was replaced by WTO.
RoundYearMembersObjectivesGeneva Round194823 countriesAdoption of GATTAnnency Round194913 countriesTariff reductionTorquay Round195138 countriesTariff reductionGeneva Round195626 countriesTariff reductionDillon Round196226 countriesTariff reductionKennedy Round196762 countriesAnti-Dumping CodeTokyo Round1979102 countriesNon-tariff barrier codesUruguay Round1993125 countriesEstablishment of the WTOA trade round allows participants to seek and secure advantages across a wide range of issues. Also, concessions which are necessary but would otherwise be difficult to defend in domestic political terms, can be made more easily in the context of a package which also contains politically and economically attractive benefits. Developing countries and o
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