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Studijní materiály
ORGANIZATION
Zjednodušená ukázka:
Stáhnout celý tento materiálther less powerful participants have a greater chance of influencing the multilateral system in the context of a round than if bilateral relationships between major trading nations are allowed to dominate. Finally, overall reform in politically-sensitive sectors of world trade can be more feasible in the context of a global package - reform of agricultural trade was a good example in the Uruguay Round.
WTO (World Trade Organisation)
Location:Geneva, Switzerland
Established:1st January 1995 by Uruguay Round negotiations (1986-94)
Membership:149 countries (on 11 December 2005)
Head:Pascal Lamy (Director-General)
The WTO is the only global international organization dealing with the rules of trade between nations. At its heart are the WTO agreements, negotiated and signed by the bulk of the world´s trading nations and ratified in their parliaments. It is not a specialized agency, but has cooperative arrangements and practices with the UN. The WTO has nearly 150 members, accounting for over 97% of world trade.
WTO Functions:
Administering WTO trade agreements
Providing forum for trade negotiations
Handling trade disputes
Monitoring national trade policies
Providing technical assistance and training for developing countries
Cooperating with other international organizations
Main missions:
To help trade flow as freely as possible
To stable trade and economic world environment
To set up an impartial means of settling disputes
To increase international trade by reducing tariffs and other trade barriers
To ensure non-discriminatory trading systém
To help producers of goods and services, exporters, and importers conduct their business
Differences between GATT and WTO
The World Trade Organization is not a simple extension of GATT; on the contrary, it completely replaces its predecessor and has a very different character.
The GATT was a set of rules, a multilateral agreement, with no institutional foundation, only a small associated secretariat which had its origins in the attempt to establish an International Trade Organization in the 1940s. The WTO is a permanent institution with its own secretariat.
The GATT was applied on a "provisional basis" even if, after more than forty years,
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