Winter Semester Grammar Answer Key

ne some FCE practice tests.
By now you (will) have probably already done some FCE practice tests.
By now you (will) probably have already done some FCE practice tests.
By now you probably (will) have already done some FCE practice tests.
7Don't forget to revise thoroughly before the exams.
You definitely must / must definitely do some thorough revision before the exams.
8I'm sure you'll do well in your exams.
You will certainly / certainly will do well in your exams.

2 Correct the mistakes in word order in these sentences. Some sentences could be correct.
1 I've met such a nice person before never.
I´ve never met such a nice person before.
2 You never know how he's going to react.
3 I bumped into Bill the other day.
4 He ran very suddenly into the room. – He ran into the room very suddenly.
5 I really badly had toothache yesterday.
I had toothache really badly yesterday.
6 She tripped over the cat and fell nearly over.
She tripped over the cat and nearly fell over.
7 He completely had misunderstood what I told him to do.
He had completely misunderstood what I told him to do.
8 Surprisingly enough, they rarely make mistakes with word order.


3 Adjectives: Adverbs:
Special placeAbsolutely perfect
Perfect apartmentDirectly into town
Serious studentsHardly makes
Quiet neighbourhoodPeacefully walk
Lovely apartment Very affordable
New buildingRent fast
Short walk
Express bus
Wonderful Parks
Affordable rent

4 Complete the comparisons about a restaurant menu using the adjectives in brackets.

a. The sweet and sour shrimp is more expensive than / not as expensive as
(expensive) the steamed scallops with broccoli.
b. The beef with dried red pepper is hotter than / not as hot as (hot) the beef
with broccoli.
c. The pork with scallions is more expensive than / not as expensive as
(expensive) the chicken with orange sauce.
d. The steamed scallops with broccoli is saltier than / less salty than (salty) the
pork with scallions.
e. The chicken with broccoli is milder than / not as mild as (mild) the chicken
with orange sauce.
f. The steamed mixed vegetables are healthier than / not as healthy as
(healthy) the beef with dried red pepper.
g. The broccoli with garlic sauce is cheaper than / not as cheap as (cheap)
chicken with broccoli.

5 Complete the questions using the adjectives in brackets.
Which planet is furthest (far) from the Earth?
Which city is bigger (big), Vancouver or Toronto?
Which flavour of ice cream is more popular (popular), vanilla or chocolate?
Which animal is heavier (heavy), a lion or a tiger?
Which is more nutritious (nutritious), white or brown rice?
Which food is more fattening (fattening), a baked potato or a cup of cooked rice?
Which type of transportation is more dangerous (dangerous), the bus or the train?


Prepositions

1. Put a preposition into each space.
1 At that moment I didn't know what to do. 2 It will all start in a few minutes. 3 Will you be at home on Monday? 4 The lesson will be over at/by ten o'clock. 5 It is pleasant to go out for a walk on such a fine summer evening. 6 If you can wait, he'll be here in a short time. 7 Her husband was away on a trip on the day she died. 8 In six years' time he'll be twenty-one. 9 You must send in your application by December 31st at the latest. 10 There'll be a party at my sister's on December 31st. 11 She always goes to see her old grandmother on Sundays. 12 Everybody buys a new hat at/for Easter. 13 That happened on January 1st. 14 At the beginning of his speech he told an anecdote. 15 He's out of town at present. 16 In the end he accepted my suggestion. 17 What are you going to do for/during the holidays? 18 He ought to have been back by now. 19 In/during the forties there was a different situation. 20 We're going to have bad weather at the end of August. 21 Do you want to travel by day or by/at night? 22 They phoned me at dinner-time. 23 They repeated the signal at short intervals. 24 I hope I'll be able to finish that work by/at the end of next month. 25 We're going to leave Prague on Thursday night. 26 What's he studying at present? 27 They decided to visit Prague at the end of their trip. 28 They arrived in Paris at night. 29 At/by the age of eleven he already knew English a little. 30 At the beginning of the dinner they served soup. 31 In the end he changed his plans. 32 In the interval between classes we had lunch. 33 I always spend a lot of money at/during/over Christmas. 34 The plane will take off at once. 35 We'll have to reach that village by dinner-time. 36 On Christmas day our family eat fish. 37 Will you tell me the answer by/at the end of the week please. 38 What were you doing at that time? 39 By that time you'll already be here again. 40 On Sunday afternoon the weather was very bad. 41 In the afternoon Alan came to see me. 42 Will you be going to the mountains in/during/for winter? 43 He will try, but he won't be able to finish the work by then. 44 By this time tomorrow we'll already be sitting in the train. 45 In the beginning he didn't want to believe me. 46 I'll be waiting till/at five o'clock on Wednesday. 47 At the beginning of the party he made a short speech. 48 I hope you won't forget all this by tomorrow morning. 49 In two weeks everything will be clearer. 50 Buses to Karlstejn leave at intervals of 5 minutes.

2. Put a preposition into each space

1 We met him at Victoria Station in London. 2 On the right-hand side there was a table with lots of magazines on it. 3 He didn´t come on foot, he came by bus. 4 Our train stopped at York on the way to Scotland. 5 On Sundays there are always lots of boats on the river. 6 The youngest child was still in bed, the older was already at school and Father was at work in his factory. 7 Their eldest son is at college. 8 I remember I bought the newspaper at the intersection of Broad Street and High Street. 9 He was travelling on the six o'clock bus. 10 In the summer the whole family stay at (by) the seaside or in the country. 11 They live in a small house in a village in North Wales. 12 Mr. Jones was staying at the Alcron in Prague. 13 Where's Mary? She's at a concert. 14 I consider Paris the most beautiful city in the world. 15 Did he write it in ink or in pencil? 16 He studies at Oxford. 17 Where's Jane? She's at the hairdresser's. 18 Why are these children playing on/in the street? 19 Does this train stop at that town? 20 In the south of Bohemia there are large lakes, in the north there are high mountains. 21 On the walls there were beautiful pictures. 22 Write these words on the blackboard. 23 John was standing by (in front of/beside/next to) the blackboard. 24 On which floor do you live ? 25 At which floor did the lift stop ? 26 The family were at dinner when somebody knocked at the door. 27 Did they put you on the list of candidates too ? 28 Open the book at/on page five and study the chart on that page. 29 Is Lisa on/in the committee? 30 We're going on a trip to Slovakia in the summer. 31 The Czech ice-hockey team is on tour in Canada. 32 There are trees on both sides of the road. 33 The man sitting on my right was Mr. Collins. 34 She'll arrive on the night train. 35 Who's that at the door? 36 Which is the highest mountain in the world? 37 Is that policeman on duty? 38 Are you going to stop in/at Nuremberg on your way to Paris ? 39 Upon/On application to the publisher a complete list of new books may be had. 40 On which floor are the offices of that company? 41 There were no clouds in the sky and the sun was shining. 42 I had dinner on the train in the dining-car. 43 How long have you been lying in the sun? 44 You'll find it at the head of the page. 45 Shall I be seeing you in the playground in the afternoon ? 46 How did you make yourself understood in English?






Modal verbs

1 Complete B's sentences using can / could / might / must / should / would + the verb in brackets
In some sentences you need to use have: must have... / should have... etc. In some sentences you need the negative (can't / couldn't etc.).

1 A: I'm hungry.
B: But you've just had lunch. You can't be hungry already. (be)
2 A: I haven't seen our neighbours for ages.
B: No. They must have gone away. (go)
3 A: What's the weather like? Is it raining?
B: Not at the moment but it could rain/might rain later. (rain)
4 A: Where has Julia gone?
B: I'm not sure. She might have gone/could have gone to the bank. (go)
5 A: I didn´t see you at John's party last week.
B: No, I had to work that evening, so I couldn‘t go (go).
6 A: I saw you at John's party last week.
B: No, you didn't. You couldn‘t have seen/can‘t have seen me. I didn´t go
to John's party. (see)
7 A: When did you post the letter to Mary?
B: This morning. So she should get it tomorrow. (get)

2 Each of these sentences contains at least one error. Underline the errors and correct them.

1 May (CAN) you tell me where I may (CAN/COULD) catch a bus into town?
2 I checked the timetable so I mustn´t (CAN’T) be wrong about the departure
time.
3 You needn´t to (DON’T NEED TO/ NEEDN’T) worry if I miss the last bus
because I can get a taxi.
4 Do I ought to (SHOULD I) phone for a taxi, or may (CAN) I
pick one up in the street?
5 I could get a taxi but I must waiting (WOULD HAVE TO WAIT) for five
minutes for one to arrive.
6 Don´t be silly, you ought not to (DON´T NEED TO/ NEEDN’T) show your
passport if you will (WANT TO) buy a rail ticket!
7 You mustn´t (DON’T HAVE TO/ NEEDN’T) write anything down unless you
want to.
8 You need (OUGHT TO/ SHOULD/ NEED TO) spend as much time as you
can on your homework.

3 Rewrite each sentence without changing the meaning, beginning with the words given, and using must, can, might, may, could where necessary.

1 He can't have told her the truth. I don't think he told her the truth.
2 I'm sure you were a beautiful baby! You must have been a beautiful boy.
3 I wish you had bought an ice cream for me! You could/might have bought me
an ice cream.
4 She may have taken your umbrella by mistake. Perhaps she took your
umbrella by mistake.
5 He won the prize? That's impossible! He can‘t have won the
prize.
6 Perhaps you dropped your wallet on the stairs. You could/may/might have
dropped your wallet on the stairs.
7 It's very unlikely that she agreed to that. She can‘t/couldn‘t have agreed to
that.

4Make sentences from the words in brackets.

1Don't phone Ann now. (she might / have / lunch)
She might be having lunch.
2I ate too much. Now I feel sick. (I shouldn't / eat / so much)
I shouldn´t have eaten so much.
3I wonder why Tom didn't phone me. (he must / forget)
He must have forgotten.
4Why did you go home so early? (you needn't / go / home so early)
You needn’t have gone home so early.
5You've signed the contract. (it / can't / change / now)
It can’t be changed now.
6'What's Linda doing?' 'I'm not sure.' (she may / watch / television)
She may be watching television.
7Ann was standing outside the cinema. (she must / wait / for somebody)
She must have been waiting for somebody.
8He was in prison at the time that the crime was committed, so (he couldn't / do / it).
He couldn‘t have done it.
9Why weren't you here earlier? (you ought / be / here, earlier)
You ought to have been here ealier.
10Why didn't you ask me to help you? (I would / help / you)
I would have helped you.
11I'm surprised nobody told you that the road was very dangerous. (you should / warn)
You should have been warned.
12George was in a strange mood yesterday. (he might not / feel / very well)
He might not have been feeling very well./He might not have felt very well.

5Rewrite each sentence using the word given in brackets.

1I don't think we left the keys at home.(can't)
We can’t have left the keys at home.
2Perhaps they sold their house.(might)
They might have sold their house.
3Perhaps she caught a later train.(may)
She may have caught a later train.
4I suppose it's possible that he took the wrong turning.(could)
He could have taken a wrong turning.
5I reckon he stole it.(must)
He must have stolen it.
6Perhaps she has told him by now.(may)
She may have told him by now.
7Knowing him, he probably broke it.(bound to)
He is bound to have broken it.
8It was possible for it to explode.(could)
It could have exploded.
9Why didn't you invite me to your party!(might)
You might have invited me to your party!
10I don't think he was a very good driver, in that case.(couldn't)
He couldn´t have been a very good driver.
11I'm fairly sure that they threw it away.(must)
They must have thrown it away.
12It's possible they had already done it.(may)
They may have already done it.
13You were lucky they didn't kill you!(might)
They might have killed you/You might have been killed.
14Perhaps she didn't know about it.(may not)
She may not have known about it.
15I think he was drunk.(must)
He must have been drunk.

6Put each sentence into the Past.

1Sorry, but I have to leave early.
I had to leave early.
2But I'm sure you must know the answer.
You must have known the answer.
3I think you should tell him the answer.
You should have told him the answer.
4You need to leave me the keys.
You needed to leave me the keys.
5He's got to come here at once.
He had to come here at once.
6You shouldn't be so impatient.
You shouldn´t have been so impatient.
7He must be her new boyfriend.
He must have been her new boyfriend.
8She ought to see him immediately.
She ought to have seen him immediately.
9He must not let the dog into his bedroom!
He shouldn´t have let the dog into his bedroom!
10You might try to be a little more friendly!
You might have tried to be a little more friendly!

7 Some modal verbs have different implications, especially when referring to past events. Match the sentences on the left to the implied meanings on the right (in italics).

1 I should have given her my phone number. I didn't give her the number.
2 I had to give her my phone number. I gave her the number.
3 I didn't have to give her my phone number. I didn't give her the number.
4 She wouldn't let me give her my phone number. I didn't give her the number.


a He can't have gone to hospital. I'm sure he didn't go.
b He couldn't go to hospital. He didn't go, because he wasn't able to.
c He must have gone to hospital. I'm convinced he has gone.
d He needn't have gone to hospital. He went, but it was unnecessary to.
e He shouldn't have gone to hospital. He went, but it was a mistake to do so.

8 Match the sentences on the left to the ones on the right closest in meaning.

1 I can't help you to find accommodation – I am unable to help you.
2 I don't have to help you to find accommodation –It's not my responsibility to help
you.
3 I won't help you to find accommodation –I'm unwilling to help you.

a She can't be joking –I'm sure she isn't.
b She can't tell jokes –She's no good at it.
c She must be joking –I'm sure she is.
d She mustn't tell jokes –She isn't allowed to.

i You can't leave now –I won't let you go.
ii You could leave now –It would be possible to go.
iii You don't have to leave now –It's unnecessary to go.
iv You needn't leave now –It's unnecessary to go.
v You shouldn't leave now –It's not a good idea to go.


-ing / infinitive

1 Write these sentences in another way, beginning as given.

1 It´s difficult to understand him. He is difficult to understand.
2 It´s quite easy to use this machine. This machine is quite easy to use.
3 It was difficult to open the window. The window was difficult to open.
4 It´s impossible to translate some words. Some words are impossible to
translate.
5 It´s not safe to stand on that chair. That chair is not safe to stand on.
6 It´s expensive to maintain a car. A car is expensive to maintain.

2 Complete the second sentence using the words in brackets + to...

1 Nobody left before me. (the first) I was the first to leave.
2 Everybody else arrived before Paul. (the last) Paul was th