Grammar Packet - Answer Key - A2 Summer Semester 2004-2005

Grammar Packet Answer Key
Future tenses

Expressing the future – Revision
The future with will, be going to and present tenses

'Will' for instant decisions
1Say what your decision is in these situations, or what you offer to do.
Use these verbs: post, have, answer.
aThe phone is ringing. You are the nearest person to it.I’ll answer it / the phone.
bThe choice on the menu is fish or chicken. You hate fish.I´ll have (the) chicken (, please).
cYour friend has written a letter. You are going to walk into town past the post office.I´ll post it / the letter (for you).

'Be going to' for predictions based on the present situation or 'will' for predictions of a probable development (a less certain prediction). These forms are often interchangeable.
2What would you say in these situations? Make predictions using these words: rain, get wet, happen.
aThe sky is full of dark clouds.
It´s going to rain.
bNow it´s starting to rain. There´s nowhere to shelter, and you haven´t got an umbrella.
I´m going to get wet.
cThe future situation is uncertain. What do you think will happen.

Present continuous for fixed future arrangements, especially social and travel arrangements.
3Write a sentence for each situation describing future arrangements. Use the verb in brackets.
aClaire has just bought a plane ticket to Cairo dated 15 May. (fly)
She´s / She is flying to Cairo on 15 May.
bMark has arranged a meeting with his boss at four o´clock this afternoon. (see)
He´s / He is seeing his boss at four o´clock.
cMatthew and Daniel have booked a tennis court for tomorrow afternoon. (play)
They´re / They are playing tennis tomorrow afternoon.

Present simple for a timetable X Arrangements
4Put the verb in brackets in the correct form.
A:What are you doing tonight?
B:Oh, I´m / I am going to the cinema with Vicky and a couple of other people. The film finishes quite early, so we´re / we are going to a pizza place afterwards.

Intentions, timetables, arrangements, predictions
5Complete the sentences using different verb forms to express the future. Use the prompts given.
aExpress your intention to have a rest. I´m going to have a rest.
bExpress the idea that the timetable shows the start of term on 6 September. (start)
The term starts on 6 September.
cPredict a world war in five years´ time.
There will be a world war in five years´ time.
dExpress the idea that Laura has agreed to be in the office on Saturday. (work)
She is working on Saturday.
eGive your prediction of a probable fall in prices. (probably)
Prices will probably fall.

Present simple / present perfect in future time clauses after when, while, before, after,
until, etc. The present perfect is used instead of the present simple to show that the first action will be
completed before the second, egI´ll lend you the newspaper when I´ve finished it.
6Put the verb in brackets in the correct form.
aAs soon as the next lecture has finished, we´ll leave.
bDon´t worry! All we have to do is wait here until someone finds us.
cWe´ll / we will play tennis this evening as long as it doesn´t rain.
dI´m sorry you´ve been waiting so long, but it will be some time before Brian gets back.
eI´ll / I will look after your cat while you are on holiday.
fOnce Terry gets over his illness, his performance will improve.

7Fill in the blanks expressing the future with a suitable form of the verb given.
The Maxi-Shop company is going to build a huge new shopping centre on the edge of Millingham. When the project (1) is complete, there (2) will be hundreds of new jobs for local people. But not everyone is happy. “We (3) will be fighting this plan,“ said a spokesperson for the local Environment Group. “Just think what (4) is going to / will happen to our countryside. When shopping malls (5) have covered the whole country, there (6) will be no green fields left. So we (7) are / we´re holding a protest meeting tomorrow evening at the town hall. It (8) starts / will start at half past seven.

Future continuous and Future perfect
Future continuous: will be + . . . -ing for an action which will be in progress in the future or which will happen in the course of events.
egI´ll be waiting for you when you come out.
I´ll be seeing you again.

Future perfect: will have + past participle is used to talk about things which will already be
completed before or by (not later than) a particular point in the future.
egThey´ll have stopped serving meals by the time we get to the restaurant.
Note
A continuous form is also possible: will have been + . . . -ing
egThey´ll be tired when they arrive. They´ll have been travelling all day.

8What will life be like in the year 2100? Complete the sentences using the prompts given.
aLife will have become more automated by then.
bBy 2100, computers will have taken over many of the jobs that people do today.
cThe earth´s supplies of oil, coal and gas will have run out by that time.
dWill scientists have found other sources of energy by the end of 21st century?
eThe world´s population will have increased to around 30,000 million by 2100.

Future continuous x Future perfect
Put the verb into the correct form.
aI won´t have finished my work by the end of the month.
bWhat do you think you you´ll (will) be doing in five years´ time? Will you still be studying at CTU?
cBy next April I will have paid Ł3,000 in income tax.
dMicrosoft has spent a lot of money on developing a new product. By the time it goes on sale, the company will have spent over $5million.
eIn fifty years´ time we will be living entirely on pills.
fSimon started to learn English when he was 10. He is still learning the language. When he´s 20, he will have been learning English for 10 years.
gDon´t phone me between 7 and 8. We will / we´ll be having dinner then. Phone me after 8 o´clock. We will / we´ll have finished dinner by then.
hAir hostess: We will be taking off in a few minutes. Please fasten your safety belts.
iTim is travelling around Europe at the moment. So far he has travelled about 1,000 miles. By the end of the trip, he will have travelled more than 2,000 miles.

Review of the future
Put each verb in brackets into an appropriate tense.
1The European heads of state are meeting / are to meet in Brussels on 3 October.
2There´s been a bomb warning. No one can go into the building until the police have searched it.
I won´t buy a new monitor till the price comes down.
Why are you getting out the jack? – We have a puncture and I am going to change the wheel. – I will help you.
By the end of the month, I´ll / I will have been working for this company for a year.
The sun will rise at 5.45 am tomorrow.
Tourist: We´ve only got five hours in Rome; we are leaving at six; but I´m sure that we will have seen everything of importance by then.
You say you´re getting a coach at nine. What time does it get to London?
I´m going to get to the airport early. I can read a book while I am waiting.
Will you have read this book by the time it´s due back to the library? – Yes. I will have finished it by then.
They´ve brought a rope and they are going to tow the car to a garage.
Can I borrow your bike on Monday? – I´m sorry, but I will be using it. I always cycle to work.
I´ll have much more time next week because I will have done all my exams then.
14 It´s a lovely day. Shall we go for a walk?
15 In three years´ time the bridge will have been completed.
Why´s he putting the camera on a tripod? – He is going to take a group photo.
They are laying the foundations next week.
By the end of the year all our debts will have been paid off.
I´ll give Polly the news. I will tell her when I see her this evening.
It´s quite a long way, isn´t it? We will have walked about five miles by the time we get back, I´d say.
Who will be working / is working with you on this project?
I´ve come out without any money. – Never mind, I will lend you some. How much do you want?
No one can predict what Carol is going to do / will do next.
When winter begins the swallows will fly away to a warmer country.
We are going on holiday next Monday. This time next week we will be lying on a beach in Turkey.
Will you drive, please? I don´t like driving at night.
Ben and Petty are on holiday in Europe. They will have visited seven countries by the time they get home to Canada at the end of the month.
It´s very hot in here. I think I am going to faint.
I´ll come at three o´clock. – Good, I´ll / I will be expecting you.
I haven´t bought any cigarettes because I am going to give up / am giving up up smoking.

Mixed tenses
Fill in the correct tense.
John left Anne two days ago. She has hardly eaten anything since.
So far Anne has been in the house by herself for two weeks. During that time she has refused to open the door to anyone.
John began listening to English recordings regularly last year. Since then his pronunciation has improved greatly.
He has been listening to English recordings for several months. His comprehension ability has increased since.
I met Mr. Kelly last October. Five years have changed him completely. He had grown bald, his face was covered with deep wrinkles, he had become very stout and wasn´t able to hold himself erect.
If you lose a book, report it at once. If it hasn´t been found within a reasonable period, you you´ll be asked to pay the cost of replacing it. This sum will be refunded if the book is found subsequently.
Last week he didn´t send us a cable because he had lost our address, so I wasn´t able to meet him.
I see that the children have switched on the T.V. and are watching an interesting film.
The radio reported that the weather in that region had been dry dry since August.
Which of the roads leads to the railway station? We want to arrive there before the departure of the train.
When I came in, the dog was sleeping on the rug.
If you go to the kitchen, you will find milk there. But I don´t know if the milk will be sour.
All the time you have been toiling in your office, I´ve been enjoying myself on the beach. We haven´t had a drop of rain since we we arrived. But unfortunately this time next week I´ll be travelling back.
We will leave as soon as the car has been overhauled. But I don´t know if the overhaul will have been completed or will be completed by 10 o´clock.
After I had done all my work, I wanted to go home, but I remembered that I had left my umbrella in the hall, where I had put it to dry, and I had to go to fetch it as it was raining.

Read the telephone conversation between Mr B. and Claude, the travel agent. Put the verbs into the correct tense.
CGood morning. Fairweather Travel, Claude speaking. How can I help you?
Mr BGood morning. I´ve been looking at your brochure on holidays in Cape Town and the Western Cape and I wonder/ wondered/ was wondering if you could give me some information?
CCertainly, Mr ….?
Mr BIt´s Barker, Mr Barker.
CWell, as it happens, Mr Barker, I went to Cape Town myself last Christmas. I´d never been there before. I was doing/ did some research for Fairweather Travel, so I got to know the city pretty well.
Mr BReally! Then you´re just the person to talk to. Tell me, did you feel you safe? There´s been so much unrest in South Africa recently.
CWell, Mr Barker, I´ve visited many countries on behalf of Fairweather Travel, and I have to say that I felt very safe the whole time I was travelling round South Africa.
Mr BThat´s reassuring. My three children have been learning/ are learning all about South Africa at school. They´re looking forward to seeing Table Mountain. My wife is hoping/ hopes to sample some South African wine. Will that be possible?
COh, yes indeed. There are tours to many of the vineyards and wine cellars. Your wife will be able to try some really good wines. South Africa produces some of the best wine and brandy in the world.
Mr BHow interesting. Well, you´ve been most helpful. I´ll get back to you as soon as possible, after I´ve discussed it all with my wife. Thank you very much. Goodbye.
CGoodbye.

Read about Pat and Ronald Thomas, who live on a train. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct verb form.
At home on a train
Pat and Ronald Thomas don´t live in a caravan, but their home has travelled more miles than any other house in Britain! Their house is made from a pair of Victorian railway carriages, and they´ve lived/ ´ve been living there for ten years. “I didn´t want to live in a train at first,“ admits Pat, “but when I saw that this train had a garden with a stream, I just fell in love with it. We bought it from an old lady, and she had already done a lot of work on it. But there is a lot left to do and we´re still making improvements.“
Visitors are often surprised to see how spacious the house is. All the dividing walls have been removed so now the rooms are about fifteen metres long.
Pat and Ronald paid Ł 68 000 for their house. Recently they were offered more than Ł 100 000 for it, but it´s not for sale.
“I´m discovering more and more about the history of this train all the time,“ says Ronald. “It was built in Swindon between 1855 and 1875. We´ve worked/ ´re working/ have been working so hard to make it beautiful that I don´t think we´ll ever sell it,“ he admits. “I hope it will remain/ remains in our family forever.“

Put the verbs in brackets in this text in the most suitable form.
Dear Sue,
I think I´d better write and apologise about what happened on Thursday. I don´t usually behave that way at parties, but as you probably realise/ realised I was rather drunk when I arrived. I have never been as drunk as that before, but I have an explanation. You see on my way to the party I met this old friend of mine while
I was coming out of the pub, which I only popped/ had only popped into so as to buy you a bottle of wine. By the time we had talked over all our news, I realised we had drunk rather a lot, but I very much wanted to see you, so I left my car at the pub, and walked over. I didn´t really mean to break the window, and I will come round next Monday to repair it myself.
I do not think it will be very cold in the meantime. I have also written to your mother and I have apologised for saying what I said to her. You know how much I like her.
I hope that by the time I see you next Monday you will have forgotten my unforgivable behaviour. I have decided never to drink again.
Your foolish friend,
Ken

ing / infinitive forms
Complete these sentences so that the meaning is similar to the first sentence.
My father said I could use his car.My father allowed me to use his car.
I was surprised that it rained.I didn´t expect it to rain.
Don´t stop him doing what he wants.Let him do what he wants.
He looks older when he wears glasses.Glasses make him look older.
I think you should know the truth.I want you to know the truth.
Don´t let me forget to phone my sister.Remind me to phone my sister.
At first I didn´t apply for the job but Sarah persuaded me.
Sarah persuaded me to apply for the job.
My lawyer said I shouldn´t say anything to the police.
My lawyer advised me not to say anything to the police.
I was told that I shouldn´t believe everything he says.
I was warned not to believe everything he says.
If you´ve got a car, you are able to travel round more easily.
Having a car enables you to travel around more easily.

2. Put the verbs in the right form: -ing or infinitive.
She doesn´t allow smoking in the house or us/me to smoke in the house.
I´ve never been to Iceland but I´d like to go there.
I´m in a difficult position. What do you advise me to do?
She said the letter was personal and wouldn´t let me read it.
We were kept at the police station for two hours and then we were allowed to go.
Where would you recommend me to go for my holidays?
I wouldn´t recommend eating in that restaurant. The food is awful.
The film was very sad. It made me cry.
Carol´s parents always encouraged her to study hard at school.

3. Use gerund or infinitive of the verb in brackets. Insert preposition where necessary.
I regret having missed the performance.
The car needs overhauling…
We decided to leave…
It´s no use telling him off, he did not want to do it.
I need a magnifying glass to decipher it.
He gave up smoking and drinking.
We congratulate you on reaching it.
I remember having seen/seeing the film.
Fancy him acting as…
It´s worth noticing…
They want to prevent us establishing/ from establishing…
I can´t understand neglecting/ the neglect of…
Your sister dissuaded us from hiring…
I´ll give you a chance of trying/ to try…
He didn´t even stop chewing…
Your time is up and you still go on talking.
She can´t avoid attracting the public eye

Rewrite each sentence without changing the meaning, beginning as given.
He said he didn´t want to sit at the front.He refused to sit at the front.
She succeeded in getting through to the office in the end.
In the end she managed to get through to the office.
His parents wouldn´t allow him to buy a powerful motorbike.
His parents wouldn´t let him buy a powerful motorbike.
Going on a package tour was your choice.You chose to go on a package tour.
I had to stay late at the office last night.My boss made me stay late at the office last night.
“Leave the dog alone, Jean,“said Chris.Chris told Jean to leave the dog alone.
I really ought to phone the doctor.I´d better phone the doctor.
You are supposed to take one tablet every four hours.
You should take one tablet every four hours.
Taking a holiday in August is common in Britain.
The British tend to take their holidays in August.
Actually I´d prefer to go dancing with Margaret.
Actually, I´d rather go dancing with Margaret.

Put the verb in brackets into the most suitable form.
I´m afraid that I can´t stand sitting on chairs like that one.
I went back to the office and demanded to speak to the director.
She didn´t really fancy going to the cinema, so she stayed at home.
I hope to meet a lot of interesting people while I´m there.
She always pretends not to hear what people say to her.
I used to enjoy listening to pop music, but my tastes have changed.
I don´t think we should risk arriving too late at the airport.
They warned Ronnie to be more careful about what he said to people.
Terry keeps asking me to lend her my notes from last week´s lesson.
I wish you´d let me help you with that ironing.
The doctor told me to avoid walking upstairs for a week.
I don´t think she deserves to lose her licence for such an offence.
If you´ve finished reading the paper, could I have a look at it?
They decided that they should practise speaking as much as possible.
She promised to let me know the results as soon as they came out.

-ing form as a noun
We can use an –ing form of the verb as a noun. It can be the subject, object, or a complement of a sentence.
Examples:
Managing the computer´s resources is an important function of the operating system.
The operating system starts running the user interface as soon as the PC is switched.
Another function of the operating system is executing and providing services for applications software.
The –ing form is also used after prepositions. This includes ´ to´ when it is a preposition and not part of the infinitive.
Examples:
Without the user being aware of the details, the operating system manages the computer´s resources.
We begin by focusing on the interaction between a user and a PC operating system.
We look forward to having cheaper and faster computers.

1 Rewrite each of these sentences using an –ing form.
An important function of the operating system is to manage the computer´s resources.
Managing the computer´s resources is an important function of the operating system.
One task of the super