- Stahuj zápisky z přednášek a ostatní studijní materiály
- Zapisuj si jen kvalitní vyučující (obsáhlá databáze referencí)
- Nastav si své předměty a buď stále v obraze
- Zapoj se svojí aktivitou do soutěže o ceny
- Založ si svůj profil, aby tě tví spolužáci mohli najít
- Najdi své přátele podle místa kde bydlíš nebo školy kterou studuješ
- Diskutuj ve skupinách o tématech, které tě zajímají
Studijní materiály
Zjednodušená ukázka:
Stáhnout celý tento materiálthrough [θru:]
skrz, přes, prostřednictvím
reasons
důvody
extension
office number (tel.linka)
attachment
přípona
skill
dovednost, zručnost
native
rodný, vrozený
common
běžný
knowledge
znalost(i), vědomost(i)
improve
zlepšit
accent
přízvuk
staff [sta:f]
personál, zaměstnanci
tongue [taŋ]
řeč, jazyk
respond to
odpovídat na
target
zaměřit se na (cíl, plán)
requirement
požadavek
annual
roční
reward [riwo:d]
odměna, odměni se
confident
sebejistý
progress
vývoj
intention
záměr, plán
suggest
navrhnout
a. s. a. p.
as soon as possible
regarding
s ohledem na
regards
pozdrav
headquarters
ústředí, centrála
switchboard
spojovatelna
corporate
společný
competence
oprávnění, pravomoc
fluent
plynulý
1. Communication Business letters
deal (in – with)
obchodovat (čím, jednat s)
enquiry
poptávka
interpreter
tlumočník
invoice
faktura
issue
vydání (novin)
leaflet
leták
put through
přepojit
referee
referent (soudce)
reference
doporučení, odkaz, posudek
refund
nahradit
term
lhůta, doba, termín (semestr)
discount
sleva
particularly
obzvlášť, zejména
price range
cenové rozpětí
still available
stále možný (k dispozici)
office stationery
kancelářské zboží
adjustable
nastavitelný
purchase
koupě, nákup, koupit
additional features
dodatečné vlastnosti
competitive price
tržní cena
inquiring
poptávájící se (dotazující se)
hesitate
váhat, rozpakovat se
supply with
dodávat, obstarat, zásobovat
within
během (14 dnů)
provide
poskytnout
include
zahrnovat
shipping, handling
doprava a manipulace
per item
za kus (za položku)
acknowledge
potvrdit, uznat
resume
shrnout
regret
litovat
following
následující
accept delivery
přijatá dodávka
quatation
cenová nabídka
inventory
zásoby
reserve the right
rezervovat si práva
result (from)
následek, výsledek, vyplývat (z)
deter (from)
odradit, odstrašit (od)
advice
advise (on), -er
rada
doporučit, poradit (o), poradce
obliged
zavazující se
deduct, -ion
odečíst, -odečtení, závěr
engaged
obsazený (zasnoubený)
willing
ochotný
opportunity
příležitost
responsibility
povinnost
bookkeeping
účetnictví
Dear Sir or Madam
.... Yours faithfully
Dear Mr, Mrs, Ms [mzz], Miss Brown
.... Yours sincerely
.... Best regards (when writing to a business contact that I know well)
FAQ – for the attention of (komu)
@ - at
Re: - Regarding
in addition
navíc, kromě
pleasure
potěšením
inconvenience
potíž, nepohodlí, obtíž
guaranteed delivery
garantovaná dodávka
guarantee
záruka, dát záruku, ručit
apologize for
omlouvat se za
favorably
příznivě
thorough
důkladný, naprostý, úplný
note
všimnout si, poznámka
consider
rozmyslit si, vzít v úvahu
response
odpověď, reakce, ohlas
arrange
dát do pořádku, (us)pořádat
I look forward to doing...
catalogue x catalog
advertise (verb)
advertisement
adver, ad
available – be able to
comfortable [ebl] – unable [eibl]
(neschopný)
portable - disable
(přenosný – ne..)
Supply somebody with – dodat někomu něco...
Could you do me a favour? – “Můžeš mi prokázat laskavost?”
SUPPLY - nabídka
DEMAND - poptávka
Grammar!!!
Present Simple – always, often, usually, every day, on Sundays, at
- My flight leaves at 7 o´clock this evening.
Present Continuous – at the moment, now!!! I´m leaving in half an hour. I´m driving now.
Present Perfect – just, since, already, yet, not yet, so far, seldom, (n)ever, for, currently
- I have never been to Russia. I have bought new shoes.
Present Perfect Continuous – for, since!!! I have been studing English for 5 years.
Past Simple – When did..., 2 years ago, in 1952, yesterday, last week
Past Continuous – I was having a bath when you called, co I couldn´t aswer the phone.
when, while
Past Perfect – Before he came, he had bought a flower.
- before, until, because
Future tense – I will go home. She will write a book.
think, hope, believe, suppose, expect
Present Perfect Continuous – He has been trying to get through all day. We have been working since 6 a. m. I have been living in London all my life.
2. Careers
evil [i:vl] (worse-worst)zlo, špatnostavoidvyhnout se, vyvarovat sesatisfactionuspokojení, zadostiučinění
capable (of) [keipebl]
schopný (čeho)
necessary
nutný
salary
plat (stálý)
freelance
nezávislý
commute
dojíždět
fringe benefits
vedlejší mzdy (auto, telefon)
promotion
povýšení
conditions
podmínky
reasonable
rozumný
rat race (“work so much”)
nejsilnější vyhrává
deprive (of)
zbavit se (čeho)
assembly plant
montážní podnik
sacrifice
objetovat
marital status - is a fact if you are single or married,...
title - [taitl] a word in front of person´s name,to show their position, profesion,..
abilities /ability/ - vlohy
proof – důkaz, zkouška
application form – formulář, přihláška (printed form sent out by an organization, on which a formal request is made)
applicant - uchazeč
BSc – Bachelor of Science
CV – Curriculum Vitae = resumé - document written by job applicants giving their personal,... details
surname - příjmení
reference - a letter written by somebody who knows you, your character and abilities
establish/begin – set up (zřídit, založit)written by - psán kým
lay off – dissmis (vysadit z práce pro nedostatek práce)sent by - posílán kým
turn down – refuse (odmítnout)interview - pohovor
put down – include, write down (přiložit)
fill in – compete (doplnit)
take on – employ (zaměstnat)
Grammar!!!
Present Continuous – am/is/are + verb + -ing
Peter is working on the accounts for this week. She´s making a documentary about trade unions. (to describe temporary /dočasný/ activities that are happening around now)
Present Perfect Continuous – have/has + been + past participle
They´ve been trying to fix the computer since three o´clock. I´ve been phoning all morning but their number is engaged. She has been advising companies for 16 years.
Past Continuous – was/were + verb + -ing
The phone was ringing and busy-looking men in white shirts were rushing throuhg the offices. He was putting on his coat when his boos asked him into her office.
TEST
Is Peter here? No, he has just gone out.
When he was young, he often used to travel to exotic countries.
How long have you been correcting the tests? Since 20´clock.
What were you doing when I called you? It was urgent!
In December 2002, we had been producing the items exactly for year.
3. Employment
enthusiastic
nadšený
secure
zajištěný
challenging
náročný, vyzývavý
worthwhile
stojící za to
reliable
spolehlivý, bezpečný
conscientious
svědomitý, zásadový
trustworthy
důvěryhodný
manufacturing
prům. výroba
the rest
zbytek
return
vrátit se
gravitate
být přitahován
steel
ocel
by contrast
naproti tomu
labour cost
mzdové náklady
consumer goods
spotřební zboží
entire
naprostý, úplný, celý
march
kráčet, urazit
remain
zůstat
recover
obnovit
elsewhere
někam jinam
undoubtably
nepochybně
heartland
srdce (hospodářské)
declining
klesající, v úpadku
cease
zastavit, přestat
retrain
přeškolit
end up
skončit
threaten
hrozit
allow
dovolit
vacanciens
volná místa
contribution
příspěvek, přínos
acquire
získat, nabít (čeho)
aim
usilovat
ensure
zabezpečit, zajistit
smoothly
hladce
babysitter
opatrovnice dětí
dishonest
nepoctivý, nečestný
at least
přinejmenším
matchsticks
sirky
put off
odradit, odložit
anxious
starostlivý
even
dokonce
improvement
zlepšení
outsorce
venkovní zdroj
transform
přeměnit
fraction
podíl, zlomek, část
dynamic, flexible, patient, boring, creative
ambitious, responsible, global, necessary
lead – led – led (vést)
employer – zaměstnavatel
employed - zaměstnaný
unemployed – nezaměstnaný
employment – zaměstnání, zaměstnanos
employee – zaměstnanec
unemployment – nezaměstnanost
employ - zaměstnat
counterpart
protějšek
prove(proved-proved/proven)
ukázat se, dokázat, projevit se
pharmaceutical
lékárník
aeronauctical
letecký
untrue
nepravdivý
foreman/leader
vůdce
eventually/finally
nakonec
accompanied
doprovázený
prospective
očekávaný, možný
attention
pozornost
highlight
zdůraznit, (zlatý hřeb)
suitablity
vhodnost
mentioned
zmíněný
degree
stupeň
placement
umístění
involve
zahrnovat
development
vývoj
corporate
společný
appear
objevit se
stimulating
povzbuzující
highly
vysoce
attract
přitahovat
awareness (aware)
vědomí (vědom si)
currently
aktuálně, právě teď
recruitment
nábor, získávání (zam.)
salespeople
pracovníci v odbytu
promote
podporovat, povýšit
expect
očekávat
inspect
vyšetřit
publication
dílo, publikace
in return
na oplátku
commission
komise
generous
velkorysý
allowance
příjem, plat
give up
vzdát se
keen
horlivý
network
síť
member
člen
consideration
uvažování
foward
vpřed, přední
consequently
následně
seek
hledat, vyhledávatLETTERS
FORMALINFORMALcommencebegincurrentlyat the momentcompletefinishreplyanswerplease find enclosedI have includedavailablefreein additionanother thingrequestask forvacanciensavailable jobprovide you withgive youdiscusstalk about
COVER LETTER – a letter that you send with a document, for example CV or a fax, explaining why you are sending the document and giving any other
BENEFIT – an advantage that you get from your company in addition to the money that you earn
PLACEMENT – a job, often as part of a course of stude, where you get some experience of a particular kind of work
Grammar
I prefer being outside or travelling around when I can.
I´d rather - enjoy
raději bych
I´d rather have an outside job in a park or a garden centre.
I´d prefer to work in a factory like before.
I´d like ho have a bit more security.
I like eating chocolate. x My mom likes to clean a toilet every day.
→ She things that it´s a good thing do do it.
+ Past simple – past perfect ;o)
4. Import – Export
import /dovážet/
importer /dovozce/
export /vyvážet/
exporter /vývozce/
importation /dovoz/
exportation /vývoz/
Free trade* exist when goods can be traded easily between countries without restriction.
Protectionism* is where countries try to protect home producer from foreign competition and cheap imports.
One way they do this is by using tariffs* which are a kind of tax on imported goods.
Another way is by using quotas* which limit the number or quality of goods that can be imported.
Domestic manufacturers often complain that foreign competitors try to destroy them by dumping* their goods at very low prices.
Exporters, on the other hand, often complain about complicated bureaucracy* and complex customs regulations.
*Free trade: international trade without any restriction or taxes on imports and exports
*Protectionism: protecting a country´s own industry by taxing foreign goods
*Tariff: a tax that is paid on goods coming into or going out of a country
*Quota: the limited quantity of things, for example imports, which is officially allowed
*Bureaucracy: the system of official rules and ways of doing things that an organization or a government has, especially when these seem to be too complicated
*Dump: to get rid of goods by selling them at a very low price, often in another country
COMPARATIVE ADVANTEGE (feature that a country has that makes it more likely to be sucessful in a particular activity than other countries)
An economic theory which claims that all countries will be better off if each of them concentrates on doing the things it does best. For example, a country that produces cotton and cotton textiles efficiently and cheaply should concentrate on this.
The WTO
The World Trade Organization was established in 1995. It is a Geneva-based organization that aims /usiluje/ to ensure /zabezpečit/ that global trade flows as smoothly and freely as possible. One of its functions is to settle /urovnat, vyřešit/ trade disputes /spory/. Member countries agree to reduce the trade barriers between them in series of trade negotiations, known as “rounds”. These rounds (for example, the Uruguay Round) have made trade freer.
INCOTERMS
Incoterms are terms concercing transport and insurance costs. They are used in international trade contracts. These are two of the most commonly used ones.
FOB (Free on Board): The exporter agrees to deliver goods as far as the buyer´s chosen means of transport.
CIF (Cost, Insurance, Freight): The price includes cost of the goods, insurance, and freight /goods that are carried by ships, planes, trains, or truck = transport/
Balance of trade – the difference between the value of a country´s imports and its exports
Barrier – something that makes an activity difficult or impossible
Freetrade – international trade without any restrictions or taxes on imports and exports
CONTAINERS /nádoby/
- a box (krabice papírová, krabička), a carton (kartón mléka, cigaret, lepenková krabice),
a barrel (sud, barel), a bottle (lahev), a crate (dopravní bedna např. na banány, bedna na lahve), a container load (kontejner), a packet (balíček, pytlík), a jar (lahev, sklenice)
Bananas... picking - packing - loading on pallets - sleeping - transporting to ripening rooms -
...retail outlet (a shop that sells bananas to the public) x retail (activity; selling goods)
West Indies - Karibské ostrovy
originate - vzniknout, pocházet; obey - poslouchat, uposlechnout , punish - potrestat
judgement - rozsudek, názor; in favour - ve prospěch, voyage - plavba,
fattening - tučný, take banananas for granted - brát je jako samozřejmonst
WRITING
- go ahead/continue - proside
- I am pleased to - I have pleasure
- ready to give you - prepare to
- free - complimentory
- value - worth
- don´t wait to call me again? - don´t hesitate to contact me
- send - dispatch
Pro forma invoice - a list showing the price and other details of the product that a costumer has ordered but not yet paid for
Grammar
NOUNS
countableuncountablea book (some books)some – literaturea dollar moneya cup coffee, sand /písek/a piece information, adviceglasses /brýle/glass /sklo/, fear, loveexperiences /zážitky/
experience, ink /inkoust/
an hour
time – 3 times /třikrát/
NON PLURAL!!
!! plural irregular countable nouns
man – men
shelf – shelves
box - boxes
SOME - with plural countable nouns and uncountable nouns (some visitors, some coffee)
in offers and requests (Would you like some tea? Could I ask you some question?)
Could I have some rice, please? Is there some money in petty cash?
ANY - to expresses the idea of all or nothing (There isn´t any coffee in the fridge.)
- to ask if something exists or is available (Have we got any A3 paper?)
QUANTIFIERS
CC + UUmany – morea lot ofmuch – morefewplenty oflittle /málo/fewerlots ofless /méně/
a few /několik/
......./hodně/
a little /trochu/
several /několik/
5. Marketing
to introduce a new product to the market, often with advertising - launch
the symbol/group of letters used to identify a company´s products - logo
the general idea or impression that customers have of a product - image
a pgrase or sentence customers will associate with a product - slogan
a make of product
Vloženo: 18.08.2009
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