vypsaná slovíčka

e - the resistance /překážka/ is gone
bonnie - sweet heart
big spender - ten kdo hodně utrácímorget - půjčka na bydlení
1 the money coming into a business - income
2 the money leaving a business - expenditure
a financial projection showing when 1 and 2 will happen - cash flow forecast
a plan of how to spend money over a period of time - budget
what you become if you can´t pay what you owe (dlužit) - bankrupt (go bankrupt)
a document which explains your project and how it will succeed - business plan
WRITING
payment - remittancethe money moving into and out of a business - cash flow
choice - alternativewilling to - prepared to (ochotný)
late - overduenot yet paid - outstanding
pay - settleformally agreed to - undertake
the subject under discussion - matter money which is owed to someone - debt (dluh)
win-win - used to describe a situation in which there is a winner and loser
win-lose - ....everybody involved (zúčastněný) gains (získá) something
Grammar!!!
Conditionals
if unless - if + not, provided, in case, etc.
as long as...
O zero C: If there are heavy reains, the river always floods the walley. (present simple)
I. it is sure (je jasný, že se to stane)
If your business fails, you will lose not only the money but also your family and friends.
(present simple)may it´s possible
might
II.
If I were you, I would wear clean clothes. (but I am not you)
(past simple) unrealistic, hypothetical, present condition
I wish/if only I could wear green! (but I can´t)
If the weather was/were better tomorow, we would go for a trip
could (but I know it will be bad)
may
III.
If you hadn´t drank so much last night, you wouldn´t have lost your ID.
I wish I hadn´t drunk so much last night! (but I did)
III.+II.
If I hadn´t married him, I wouldn´t be unhappy now.
Test:
Ř→If it is 11 a.m. in London, it is 7 p.m. in Tokyo.always true
If you put watter on fire, it goes out.present simple 2x
If it is day in the USA, it is night here in Europe.
I. →Unless you pay by next week, we will have to put the matter into the hands of our solicitor.
II. →If I were you, I would never do it.
I can´t decide. What would you do, if you were me?
If I had enough money, I may go to Italy on holiday.
I wish I were you! You are always very lucky!
If I sold my Renault now, I would´nt get as much as I did last year.
III. →I wish I had had enough money. I could have bought the nice sweather.
If I had been born in USA, I would´nt have got as good education as I did here.
I wish I hadn´t gone to the party! It was the same boring event as always.
If the weather had been nice in April, we would have made a trip. (it is May now)
If only we had had more time! It´s a pity that we didn´t manager to see the whole
collection.
II.+III. →If I had taken flight AF615 last night, I would have be here now
If the spare parts had arrived when we required, we wouldn´t be in trouble now.
10. Market research
market - uvést na trh
washing powder - prací prášeklife insurance - životní pojištění
emphasize - zdůraznitexcitement - vzrušení; glamour - kouzlo krásy
Firms have to think carefully how to position their products; in other words to know which segment of the market they want to target.
Which actor did the voice-over for the commercial? His voice sounds familiar.
If you give the cashier the token from his packet, you´ll get the next one at half-price.
We don´t beliave in stupid gimmicks; we just give our customers first-class service.
I think we should use local radio for our next advertising campaign.
I can´t stop singing that stupid jingle for Cornflakes! I can´t get the tune out of my head!
There was an excellent response to our last mailshot; we sent 3000 letters and got 400 replies.
Our next sales promotion will include a special discount of 20%.
voice-over - spoken commentary for an advertisement, a television programme, etc. that is given by a person who is not seen on the screen
token ( poukázka, kupon) - a piece of paper that you can collect when you buy a particular product and then exchange for something
gimmick - a trick to attract attention or to persuade people to buy something
campaign - series of planned activities with a particular aim, for example to market a product
jingle - a short and memorable song or piece of music use in an advertisement
mailshot - promotion through a mail
promote - to make people aware (vědomý) of a product or service and want to buy it through advertising, public relation, or other means
perceive - vnímat, povšimnout si, všímat si, chápat
Dustbin survey - researcher visits households (domácnosti) and studies the labels (etikety) of the product which have been consumed, it is used for long-term research.
A street survey - passers-by (kolemjdoucí) answer questions or complete questionnaires, it is the most common method.
Questionnaire - a written list of questions that are answered by a number of people so that information can be collected from the answers
Blind testing - volunteers (dobrovolníci) taste and analyse anonymous samples (vzorky) of food and drink.
Focus group - this is where a researcher encourages (vyzvat) a group of consumers to discuss their attitudes to different product. This discussion is secretly observed (pozorována) and often filmed.
fiasco - mistake - blunder - disastr, disastrous(katastrofální)
expect to - očekávathave to queue [kju:] - čekat v řadě/ve frontě
suffer - trpětcourt case - soudní případ
executive - manažerclaim - požadovat
commit - spáchat, dopustit seanticipated - očekávaný, předvídaný
forced to refer - přinucen se odvolatthreaten - hrozit
quit - odejít z, opustitjokingly - šprýmově, žertovně
indulge - dopřát si, vyhovětannounce - oznámit
set fire - zapálit
graph - graf, table - tabulka
bar chart - a diagram which uses columns (sloupce) of different hights to show quantities
pie chart - diagram that shows relative amounts as part a circle
Grammar!!!
Relative pronouns and clauses
→ who(people), whose, whom (with prep.: with to, about, etc.)
→ that, which (things) - only in defining clauses
→ where (places)
Do you know the student who always comes late?
- a general word, no specific person!! → defining relative clause
Do you know Peter Smith , who always comes late?
- a specific person → „non-defining“/ extra information“ relative clauses
I don´t know the man to
about whom you talked on the phone. (can be left out)
with
This is Lucy. Her broher is a pilot! .....This is Lucy , whose brother is a pilot.
Tell me where you live. Pilsen, where I live, is quite a nice.
Tell me all
everything (that) you know.
what
I did the best (that)
what I could.
She passed the exam , which was suprising.
Both of them whom (people)
2 of which (things)
neither
either
etc.
She´s got two brothers. Both of them are mafiosous.
........brothers, both of whom are.....
He´s got a few cars. Neither of them is perfect
.......cars, neither (2) of which is (are)....
Indirect question
Could you spare a few minutes to answer some question? Yes/No
I was wondering if you could spare...
What do you think of the new ticket gates?
Would you mind telling me what you think of the new ticket gates.
How do you think the...
Could you tell me how you think the facilities could be improved?
Test:
I wonder..(Are you interested in architecture?) ...if you are....
(Why are you being so unkind today?) ...why you are...
(Why have you been traveling by..?) ....why you have been...
(Have you been to Braun´s Betlehem in Kuks?) .... if you have been...
Could you tell me...
(What is the name of the best-know Santini building?) ...what the name of...is?
(Do you like listening to jazz?) ....if you like listening to jazz?
(Do you prefer Citroen or Renault?) ...if you prefer...?
?? (How many Braun´s statues are in Plasy?) ...how many B.statues are...?
Would you mind telling me...
(How many Santini´s building have you seen?) ...how many S.buld.you have seen?
(What is the tittle of your favourite book?) ...what the tittle of...is?
(What is the name of your favourite parfume? ...what the name...is?
(What are other baroque sculptoner´s names?) ...what ohter famouw.. are?
The turn of the 20th centrury is a great period of czech painting, which (it is not) haven´t been appreciated by the public yet.
Antonín Slavíček, who (he) was a ...., painted mostly landscapes.
His teacher J.Mařák often took his students to Okoř, where (there) they studied...
Slavíček also painted odl Prague alleys, many of which (many of them) disappeared forever after the sanitation.
Not many people would adjust who (he) was even more talented than French impressionist.
M.B.Braun, who (he) was famous baroque sculptor, started his career in Plasy.
Abort Eugen tittle let him make a statue of St.t..., which (it) made him popular.
Braun started working on many statues, some of which (some of them) were placed along...
Later he moved to Kuks, where (there) was invented by „Čonat Špork“? ;o)
We cannot see all the statues that he created.. (all statue, he created them)
Charles IV. founded many churches, one of wchich is the famous Prague cathedral.
On summer... the St Vitus catherdral, which is (it is) very suprising...
...was designed by Peter Pankléř, who (he was) a famous architect.
11. Investment
Exchange office - směnárnaStock Exchange - burza cenných papírů
the many portions into which a company´s capital is divided - shares (akcie)
where shares are bought and sold according to a set of fixed rules - stock market
an investor´s selection of shares - portfolio (seznam investic)
the income produced by a successful share - dividend
money for a service, often a percentage of the value of the business done - commission or fee
to offer company shares on the stock exchange for the first time - issue and float
a professional dealer in shares - stockbroker
an investor who owns shares in a company - shareholder
move suddenly - jumpreached its highest point - peak
increase - rosestay the same - remained streadly
stop rising or falling - level offfall drmatically - plummet
decrease - drop went dramatically - soar
dividend (part of company´s profit paid to shareholders for each share they own) =
yield (amount of profit an investment produces) = profits
shares = equities
▪ bull market - a period during which people are buying shares, etc.because they expect their price to rise ▪ bear market - a period during which people are selling shares, etc. because they expect to price to fall
▪ blue-chip comapany - is a well-established one with a good reputation which is thought to be safe and whose shares are likely to make a frofit
▪ bond (obligace, dluhopis) - document from a company or government promising to repay with interest a sum borrowed from an investor
agenda - programme of staff meating
minutes - written record of what is said in a meeting
Grammar!!!
Indirect (reported) speech
She/he said that...
told us..... → past simple ▪ tenses need modification
Milenka: „I have (got) a dog.“ ...she said that, she had a dog. (vždy správně)
...she said that, she has got a dog. (if it´s still true)
Věrka: „I am writing a test now.“ ...she was writing a test. (present contig. - past contig.)
Eva: „I have never been to London.“ ..she had never been to London (present perfest- past perfect)
Jirka: „You were at home yestreday.“ ...I had been at home yesterday. (past simple - past perfect)
Ála: „I was watching TV with my dog.“ ...she had been watching TV with her dog. (past contig. - perfect contig.)
Daniel: „She will go to the disco.“ ...she would go... (WILL - WOULD)
Míla: „She would
should stay (have stayed) at home. NO CHANGE!!!
could
Vláďa: I used to play the guitar.“ ...he used to play ....no change
Indirect questions/reported question
She wanted to know if I had a driving licence. „Have you got a driving licence?
He asked me how I was. „How are you?“
They were interested in what I did. „What do you do?“
Indirect/reported orders/request:
„Pass me my wallet, please.“ She asked him to pass her her wallet
wanted
„Don´t say it again!“ She begged him not to say it again.
12. Ethics
corruption - dishonest (nečestný, nepoctivý) or illegal behavior of people in authority
bribery - illegally and secretly giving or taking money in order to get or receive help
unethical - neetický unfair - nespravedlivýglass ceilling - imaginary (unofficial) barrier that stops women, or other groups (people from racial minorities), from getting the best jobs in company.
Without (bez) exception (výjimky) all staff members are obliged (zavázani) to retire (odejít do důchodu) at the age of 65. Mrs Biggs didn´t want to stop work at all. She was so sad at her leaving party.
Ms Spencer was dismissed for poor time-keeping. Janet´s been sacked for being late all the time.
A further part of the work force was made redundant when the order was cancelled. I hate to tell you, but they´ve laid off even more people.
He had to resign to avoid a scandal. Well, apparently he had to quit. It was either thah or seeing his name in the papers.
She was discriminated against (diskr. koho) for being a woman in a man´s world. = unfair employment practices
They´re prosecuting (žalovat z) the fastory for dumping chemicals in the river. = damaging the environment
A minister has been accused of (obežalovat z) accepting bribes. (úplatky) = bribery and corruption
A manager and stockbroker have been charged with (obvinit z) illegaly exploting market information. = insider trading
Three car dealers have been fined for (pokutovat za) fixing the prices of their vehicles. = unfair competition
theft - krádež (thief - zloděj)civil servant - státní úředníktaxes - daně
out of stock - vyprodaný
punishments: issue a verbal or written warning, prosecute (with a fine or prison sentence), move employee to a lowergrade of job, cut employee´s pay, force employee to resign, sack employee.
interfering deliberately with a product - product tampering
remove - recall
imitating something someone else has done - copycat
damage/poison - contaminate
take back - withdraw
being talked about in newspapers or on TV in a bad way - negative publicity
fault - chybavictim - oběťdeliberately - vědomě
act - jednatlegally - právněharmless - neškodný
unjustifield - neoprávněnýconcerning - týkající seseeker - hledač
innocent - nevinnýidiom - rčení
It´s raining cats and dog - je silný déšť.
ageism - age discrimination
judge - soudcesuffer - tpět
plaintiff - žalobce, person starting the legal action
defendant - oponent, person/organization who has been accused of doing something wrong
enter maturity
grow
die
decline
develop
lauch