gramatika

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5. ___________________________ ? What have they been doing? 1. ________________________ ?
2. ________________________ ?
3. ________________________ ?
4. ________________________ ?
Tento produkt je spolufinancován Evropským sociálním fondem a státním rozpočtem České republiky Comparatives and superlatives 1. Stupeň 2. Stupeň 3. Stupeň
A) jednoslabičné
cheap cheaper the cheapest
hot hotter the hottest
pretty prettier the prettiest
B) Víceslabičné
expensive more expensive the most expensive
STUPŇOVÁNÍ PŘÍDAVNÝCH JMEN NEPRAVIDELNÁ PŘÍDAVNÁ JMÉNA good better the best
bad worse the worst
far further the furthest
little less the least
many more the most
much more the most
1. Stupeň 2. Stupeň 3. Stupeň
A) Pravidelné (dle tvoření)
carefully more carefully the most carefully
B) Nepravidelné – stejně jako přídavná jména
fast faster the fastest
STUPŇOVÁNÍ PŘÍSLOVCÍ NEPRAVIDELNÉ PŘÍSLOVCE well better best
badly worse worst

little less least
much more most K porovnání dvou odlišných věcí používáme
than (než) David is taller than Peter.
not as + přídavné jméno + as (ne tak jako)
David isn´t as tall as Tom
K porovnání dvou stejných věcí
as + přídavné jméno + as (stejně tak jako)
David is as intelligent as Peter.
the same as (stejné jako)
Tom wears the same T-shirt as Peter.
K vyjádření maxima či minima používáme
the + přídavné jméno/příslovce ve 3. stupni
David is the oldest.

Tento produkt je spolufinancován Evropským sociálním fondem a státním rozpočtem České republiky Must, have to and should
Obligation have to You have to wear a seat belt in a car.
I had to wear a uniform in my last job.
I have to get up early on week days.
muset
Používá se pro obecné vnější povinnosti, pravidla, zákony.
V hovoru se může použít i have got to. must I must remember to phone Emily tonight. It’s her birthday.
You must be on time for class tomorrow – there’s a test.
You must see the film, it’s fantastic.
muset
Používá se pro konkrétní a osobní povinnosti a pro silná doporučení. don’t have to You don’t have to pay for the tickets. They’re free.
You don’t have to go to the party if you don’t want to.
nemuset mustn’t You mustn’t eat that cake – it’s for the party.
You mustn’t touch that. It’s dangerous.
You mustn’t drink and drive.
nesmět should / shouldn’t You should take warm clothes with you to Dublin. It might be cold at night.
That wasn’t very nice of you, you should apologize.
měl by, neměl by
Je možné ve stejném významu použít i ought to.
You ought to take an umbrella.
Tento produkt je spolufinancován Evropským sociálním fondem a státním rozpočtem České republiky Can, could and be able to
Ability and possibility can / could I can speak Spanish very well.
She could play the piano when she was three.
She can’t come tonight. She’s ill.
They couldn’t wait because they were in a hurry.
Could you open the door, please? can / could Can is a modal verb. It only has a present, past and conditional form (but can be used also with a future meaning).
For other tenses and forms use be able to. be able to + infinitive I am able to accept your invitation.
They weren’t able to come.
I’ll be able to practice my English in London.
She has been able to speak French since she was a child.
I’d like to be able to ski.
I love being able to sleep late at weekends. be able to + infinitive You can use be able to in the present, past, future, present perfect and as a gerund or infinitive.
Be able to in the present and past is more formal than can / could.
Tento produkt je spolufinancován Evropským sociálním fondem a státním rozpočtem České republiky Must, may, might and can’t
Deduction must They must be out. There aren’t any lights on.
She must have a lot of money. She drives a Porsche.
určitě may/might His phone is switched off. He might be on the plane now.
She might not like that skirt. It’s not her style.
She’s not at home. She may be working.
He hasn’t written. He may not have my address.
možná, asi can’t He can’t be ill. I saw him at the gym.
They can’t be Italian. They’re speaking to each other in Spanish.
určitě ne
opak od must v tomto kontextu