Reading.1.Material

sleep zaspat
to stretch body protáhnout si tělo to have a quick shower rychle se osprchovat
to wash face umýt si obličej to shave oholit se
to brush teeth vyčistit si zuby to comb hair učesat se
to get dressed / put on … obléci se / obléci si … (co) to make / prepare meal připravit jídlo
to do warm-up exercise udělat rozcvičku to clean table sklidit stůl
to leave for school odejít do školy to leave school odejít ze školy
to rush spěchat to head for … hnát se do …
to take … along vzít … s sebou to drop … off vysadit … (z auta)
to intend mít v úmyslu to keep busy (-ing) zaměstnávat se …
to devote time to (-ing) věnovat čas … (čemu) to waste time (-ing) marnit čas … (čím)
to hang around poflakovat se to have a nap zdřímnout si
to attend (pravidelně) navštěvovat to take part in … zúřastnit se … (čeho)
to have a glance at … (zběžně) pohlédnou na … to stare at … (dlouze) „civět“ na …
to collect sbírat to get ready for … připravit se na …
to make friends spřátelit se to chat / to have a date klábosit / mít rande
to walk a dog jít se psem to squeeze in a bus vmáčknout se do busu
to be late due to … přijít pozdě kvůli … to change clothes převléknout se
be tired být unaven be fed up with … mít … (čeho) po krk
to take test in psát test z to get grade in dostat známku z
to manage to learn zvládnou se naučit to set homework zadat úkol
to fall asleep usnout to wash up umývat nádobí
to study late into night učit se pozdě do noci to share a room with … bydlet s … v pokoji
to complain at … for … stěžovat si na … kvůli … to go mad at … for … zlobit se na … kvůli …
to do well in (subject) dobře prospívat z (předmětu) to set alarm clock for … natáhnout budík na …

Leisure Time Volný čas
I am fond of … jsem fanda do … I'm interested in … zajímám se o …
I devote myself to věnuji se … to adore / to admire zbožňovat / obdivovat
I am keen on … (intenzivně) se věnuji … to enjoy oneself těšit se (čím)
to have time left … zbývat čas na … to carry out provozovat
to collect sbírat to swap vyměňovat si
to stroll around procházet se to afford dovolit si (finančně)
to idle away time mrhat čas lack of spare time nedostatek volného času
time-consuming časově náročný keeping bees včelařství
beer mat pivní tácek wrapper obal
badge odznak autograph podpis
poster plakát antiques starožitnosti
butterfly motýl (keep) beetles (chovat) brouky
sculpting sochařství ceramics keramika
tools nástroj accessorries příslušenství
workshop dílna pottery hrnčířství
knitting / sewing pletení / šití crocheting háčkování
do-it-yourself kutilství aquaristics akvaristika
doing crosswords luštění křížovek making models modelářstí
My Experince: Ordinary Day
Each of my day is full of duties. I usually get up at six o'clock but it is a big problem for me
because I like to sleep late. After waking up I yawn, stretch my body, do my hygiene routine
(I wash my face and hands, brush my teeth, dry with a towel). Then I do a little warm-up
exercise and decide what to wear. Then I comb my hair. At seven o' clock I prepare my
breakfast and feed our pets.
I must commute to school every day so at half past seven I leave for the bus station
and get on my bus. It is often crowded and I really envy my schoolmates who need not
commute and can go to school on foot. Our lessons start at 8 a.m. and last till 2. p.m. I am in
my first year of secondary technical school. As for subjects, I like maths along with physics
and electrotechnics. After lessons I have lunch at the canteen.
When I get home I have a snack and change from my school outfit into my casual
clothes. My parents are interested in knowing what grades I got at school. Then I relax for a
while. I used to play computer games, but now I´m trying to do some programming myself.
Sometimes I ride my bicycle or roller skates as well. Occasionally I have a date with my
girlfriend, otherwise I just stroll around with my friends.
When I come home, I am always hungry so I have dinner. Over the meal, we talk
about what happened to us during the day. Then I wash up and prepare for the next school
day. The time passes quickly, and suddenly the evening comes.
In the evening I either take a warm shower or have a bath. I wash my hair twice a
week. Before going to bed I read for a while. I set my alarm clock for 6 a.m. and immediately
fall asleep.
▄
IV. Hobbies

Gardening and fishing are examples of hobbies. That´s what we call any activity that we carry
out for our own interest in our spare time. Many of us prefer collective activities – in these
cases, people get together in various clubs. Some hobbies tend to be liked by men, while
others attract mostly women. Due to work we have little time left for hobbies.
There are many people who are interested in sports – the most common form of an
active hobby. We distinguish whether we take part in a sport just for fun, or on a competitive
basis. If we regularly achieve great results in a particular sport, we tend to practise it more
intensively. Most people devote themselves to sports just for recreational purposes to keep fit
and protect themselves from various illnesses.
People who love nature, or seek a quietness definitely prefer hiking. They breathe
fresh air and walk around in a beautiful environment (or, at least in the surroundings of their
towns). Nowadays, mountain biking in summer, and cross-country skiing in winter also
contribute to healthy lifestyle.
Collecting some subjects of interest, such as stamps, is an example of a passive hobby.
This often starts at an early age. We can also collect various kinds of packaging, wrappers,
caps, cans, mats, posters or labels.
Men like to tinker about in their workshops to take care of the car, repair household
appliance which don´t work. The workshop is packed with various tools, such as hammer,
drill, handsaw, files, screwdrivers, spanners and pliers. Otherwise, they spend time gardening.
Then a broom, rake, hoe, fork, shovel, scythe, wheelbarrow and especially electric lanwmover
make their work easier.
Those who are attracted to some form of art, may attend a choir, whereas young
people usually take an interest in dancing. Dancing could be considered fashionable these
days, but they need to express their feelings, and dance makes this possible for everybody.

Vocabulary: Hobbies

I have little time left. Nezbývá mi moc času. to call nazývat
to carry out provádět be interested in zajímat se o
to prefer upřednostňovat to take interest in projevit zájem o
to take part in účastnit se to take care of starat se o
to get together scházet se to tend to … mít sklony k …
to attract přitahovat to distinguish rozlišovat
to achieve dosáhnout to devote (-self) to věnovat (se) …
to practise provozovat, „dělat“ to keep fit udržovat se v kondici
to protect (-self) from chránit (se) před to breathe dýchat
to contribute to přispívat k to collect sbírat
to tinker about „vrtat se do“, „fušovat“ to repair opravovat
to work „fungovat“ be packed být přeplněný
to make easier usnadnit to make possible umožnit
to attend (pravidelně) navštěvovat be considered být považován
to express vyjádřit to depend on záviset na
to adore obdivovat be decicated to být oddán (čemu)
to earn living živit se to find považovat, shledávat
to seek outlet hledat únik to search for escape hledat únik
to keep chovat, pěstovat, udržovat to maintain car starat se o auto
to comprise představovat to clasify klasifikovat
to share sdílet to become stávat (se)
gardening práce na zahrádce horticulture zahradnictví
result výsledek, úspěch environment životní prostředí
surroundings okolí stamps známky
wrappers obaly caps kšiltovky
cans plechovky mats tácky
posters plakáty labels etikety
badges odznaky antiques starožitnosti
coins mince budgerigar andulka
goldfish rybičky workshop dílna
carpentry tesařství plumbing instalatérství
household appliance domácí spotřebiče means prostředek
tools nářadí hammer kladivo
drill vrtačka handsaw pilka
files pilníky screwdriver šroubovák
spanner klíče (na matice) pliers kleště
broom koště rake hrábě
hoe motyka fork vidle
shovel lopata scythe kosa
lanwmover sekačka wheelbarrow kolečka
choir sbor fashionable módní
feeling pocit particular konkrétní
spare time volný čas regularly pravidelně
intensively intenzivně purpose účel, cíl
useful užitečný benefical prospěšný
whereas zatímco on contrary oproti tomu
due to kvůli whether zdali


My Experience: What Does a Hobby Mean?
Well, it all depends… My father adores his work and is so dedicated to his profession that it
becomes both means of earning a living and a hobby. My mum finds her work monotonous
and seeks an outlet – she searches for an escape, or at least a change from her daily routine.
I distinguish several categories of hobbies. Some of them I consider useful or benefical
– these may be mum's gardening or father's repairs about the house (e.g. carpentry, electric
installations, plumbing), as well as keeping bees and maintaining the car in perfect condition.
The second category comprises my own hobbies – collecting objects of my interest:
stamps, beer mats, labels, badges, models, antiques, porcelain, coins, cactuses, beetles, and
butterflies. Then there is keeping birds like budgerigars or canaries, or goldfish and other
exotic animals.
Thirdly there are my sister's hobbies who enjoys the arts: amateur dramatics, singing,
dancing, music-making, painting or even ceramics, and sculpting.
The fourth category may be clasified as my family hobbies – gathering mushrooms
and hiking. In this case, fun and joy is shared equally by all of us.
▄
V. Housing

I live in a four-room flat in a housing estate not far from the town centre. It is a block of flats
with four storeys, we live on the fourth floor, and unfortunately there is no lift. There are no
garages either and very few parking places so sometimes my dad has to park our car quite far
from the main door. The surroundings of our house are quite nice as there is a lot of trees and
lawns everywhere. But you have to mind where you step because there are many dogs around
and their owners mostly don't clean up their droppings. Our housing estate looks generally
nice, many grey buildings now have a new coloured facade. There is also a good connection
to both the centre and the railway station. Quite a few bus lines serve the area.
The biggest room of our flat is the living room with a sofa, some furniture and a
balcony where my mum grows a lot of plants. One of the living room corners is also used as a
study where there is a desk with a computer on it. Next to it is my parents' bedroom with a
double bed and wardrobes. This room is quite small, the same size as mine and my sister's
room. I used to share my room with my older brother but since he left it has been only mine.
All rooms open into the kitchen which is rectangular in shape and not very spacious. There is
just enough space for the kitchen unit, a smaller dining table, a fridge and a pantry which is
rather a wardrobe for food. There is also a small bath-room with a bath tub, basin and a toilet.
There is a small utility room next to the entrance hall. We can also store some things down in
the cellar. Here we keep our bicycles, skis, my fathers' tools and stewed fruit in winter.
It must be very nice to live in a house with a beautiful garden, preferably with a
swimming pool. You can go out and have a swim whenever you want, you can read in the
garden or just relax. You can also hold barbecue parties for your friends. I'd really love to live
in a house. But it must be hard work too. I know from my friends who live in a house that
they have to help much more than I have to, they have to mow the lawn for instance which
you have to do it every week. It is also more expensive to live in, especially with the heating
bills in winter and the difficult maintenance as there is always something that needs repair.
Living in a flat is more comfortable, less expensive but there is no privacy. You must be quiet
at night as neighbours may complain. It's also difficult to keep pets in a flat.
I have to help my mum to do the cleaning every week. My sister and I dust the
furniture in our rooms, water the plants and hoover the carpet. My mum does the rest; she
cleans the bathroom, does the washing and mops the floor. Sometimes, when it's our turn, we
also have to clean the stairs in our building. At other times we change the bed linen, clean the
windows, wash the curtains and then someone has to iron them. We hang the clothes out to
dry in our balcony. We also regularly take out the litter, clean our parrot's cage and wash up
the dishes. I wish we had a dishwasher!
My room is square and quite small. The walls are covered with blue wallpaper. On the
floor there is a wall-to-wall carpet. There is one window just opposite the door. Below the
window is the central heating radiator. To the right of the door is a bunk bed. My brother used
to sleep on the top but now we store duvets and eiderdowns there. On my bed there is a pillow
covered over by a brown bedspread. Between the bed and the window is a wardrobe which is
always full. On the opposite side there is a bookcase, some furniture and a desk with a chair.

Vocabulary: Housing

Types of Houses Typy domů
family house rodinný dům detached house (samostatný) dům
semidetached house dvojdomek terraced house řadový dům
cottage chalupa block of flats činžovní dům
estate / prefab sídliště / panelák skyscraper výškový dům
roommate spolubydlící rent / to rent nájem / pronajmout si

Family House Rodinný dům
roof střecha chimney komín
skylight střešní okno front / back door vstupní / zadní vchod
balcony balkon basement suterén
driveway / path příjezdová cesta / chodník garage garáž
greenhouse skleník flowerbed záhon

Rooms Místnosti
living = sitting room obývací pokoj bedroom ložnice
kitchen kuchyně dinning room jídelna
nursery dětský pokoj bathroom koupelna
lavatory toaleta cellar sklep
hall / staircase předsíň, chodba / schodiště attic / loft (obytné) podkroví / půda

Living Room Obývací pokoj
floating floor plovoucí podlaha carpet / rug koberec / předložka
curtain / net curtain závěs / záclona wallpaper / painting tapeta / malba
standard light lampa overhead light stropní svítidlo
central heating / fireplace ústřední topení / krb living-room furniture obývací stěna
shelf / bookshelf polička / knihovna coffee table konferenční stolek
armchair křeslo sofa = couch pohovka

Bedroom Ložnice
double bed (manželská) postel bedside table noční stolek
dressing-table toaletní stolek wardrobe šatní skříň
chest of drawers prádelník blanket přikrývka
pillow polštář alarm clock budík

Kitchen Kuchyň
cupboard / sideboard kredenc / příborník fitted kitchen kuchyňská linka
kitchen counter kuchyňská deska shelf / drawer police / zásuvka
sink / extractor dřez / digestoř dishwasher myčka
cooker / (built-in) oven sporák / (vestavěná) trouba fridge / freezer chladnička / mraznička
microwave mikrovlnka toaster topinkovač

Bathroom Koupelna
bath / washbasin vana / umyvadlo towel / bath towel ručník / osuška
(hot) tap kohoutek (s teplou vodou) shower / shower unit sprcha / sprchový kout


Household Chores Domácí práce
devices spotřebiče to clean up = tidy up uklízet
to wash the dishes mýt nádobí to dust utírat prach
to take out the rubbish vynést odpadky to sweep the floor zamést podlahu
to mop the floor vytřít podlahu to hoover the carpet vysát koberec
to clean the windows umýt okna to do the washing prát
to iron žehlit to water the plants zalít květiny


Note: Prepositions

above - nad (výše než) * A hill above lake. across - přes * Walk across the road.
against - proti * A park against a house. along - podél * Go along the wall.
among - mezi * To stand among the trees. around - kolem, za * Go around the corner.
at the back of - za * At the back of the house. at - u, v, při * At the table.
behind - za * Behind the door. below - pod (níže než) * A town below the hill.
between - mezi (dvěma) * Between two walls. by - (těsně) u, vedle * By the window.
close to - poblíž * Close to the house. from - (směrem) od, z * To go from Prague.
in - v, na * In the room. in front of - před * In front of the shop.
inside - uvnitř * Inside the hotel. into - (směrem) dovnitř * To go into the house.
near - blízko * Near the town. next to - vedle, u * Next to you.
out of - ven z, mimo * Look out of the window. on - na * On the table.
outside - vně * Go outside. over - nad, přes * Walk over the bridge.
past - kolem * To go past the church. to - (směrem) k, do * To go to London.
through - skrze * To go through the park. under - pod * Tunnel under the hill.


My Experience: Where Do I Live ?
My family lives in a large family house with a big garden. The house has two floors, a cellar,
an attic and a garage. In the cellar there is a furnace-room for heating the house. In the garden
we grow flowers and fresh vegetables.
On the ground floor there is a large kitchen, living room and stairs to the first floor. In
the kitchen you can see cupboards, a cooker, a sink, a microwave oven, a fridge, a round
brown table with chairs and a lamp above it. Opposite the kitchen there is a living room with
a sofa, two armchairs, a little table on left hand side. Under the window there is a piano and
next to it there is a bookcase. The room is decorated with four pictures, curtains on the
windows, with various plants and brown carpet on the floor.
Upstairs on the right there is a parent´s bedroom. Opposite there are two children
bedrooms. Next to the stairs there is a toilet and a bathroom with a large bathtub and a
washbasin. On the walls you can see lovely tiles.
I have my own room. I used to share it with my brother, but now I have it for myself.
In my room I have a bed, a wardrobe, a table with a chair and a bookcase. On my table I have
got a PC computer. I have also many posters on the walls. On the bookcase there is a cage
with my blue budgy – she is my pet.
▄
VI. Christmas Time

Czech Christmas is about the same as English. We decorate the house with advent wreaths,
candles, springs and Christmas tree with chains, balls, chocolates, stars, angels and other
ornaments. However, there are a few differences: we have fried carp with potato salad for
Christmas dinner, and we get our presents on Christmas Eve in the evening.
After the dinner Baby Jesus rings a bell to announce that the presents are already there
and children rush to the living room to open them. On the following two days people visit
their relatives and relax and eat. In every family there are many kinds of home-made sweets.
Children believe that it is Baby Jesus who brings the presents, still resisting to the strong
influence of Santa Claus.
There is a lot of sweets on the table, as well as fruit: oranges, bananas, tangerines,
apples, etc. Each family has their own recipes, though in general you should fast until the
dinner comes (to see the golden piglet) or at least avoid eating meat. For dinner most Czechs
have soup, carp fillets fried in flour with egg and breadcrumb coating, and potato salad. On
the following day there is often a roast goose or duck with sauerkraut and dumplings.
The first superstition is fasting to see the golden pig on Christmas Eve. There are
many old traditions that are kept by some families. Girls used to toss the shoe on Christmas
Eve and the direction of the tip showed whether the girl would get married or not. The future
used to be predicted from floating walnut shells with candles in a basin or cutting apples; a
regular seed star means good luck and health and decayed cross means death. Going to a
midnight mass is another Christmas tradition. People used to pour lead to guess their future;
they used to keep a scale of the carp in their purse to be richer in the following year. Leaving
the table during the Christmas dinner brings bad luck. It is believe