- Stahuj zápisky z přednášek a ostatní studijní materiály
- Zapisuj si jen kvalitní vyučující (obsáhlá databáze referencí)
- Nastav si své předměty a buď stále v obraze
- Zapoj se svojí aktivitou do soutěže o ceny
- Založ si svůj profil, aby tě tví spolužáci mohli najít
- Najdi své přátele podle místa kde bydlíš nebo školy kterou studuješ
- Diskutuj ve skupinách o tématech, které tě zajímají
Studijní materiály
Hromadně přidat materiály
Grammar Packet - Answer Key - A2 Summer Semester 2004-2005
Y04A2L - Anglický jazyk 2-2
Hodnocení materiálu:
Zjednodušená ukázka:
Stáhnout celý tento materiáldoor-keeper programmed to recognise you, giving access to family only.
Connectors
Complete the sentences using one of these words. You can use each one once.
Because, although, rather than, so that, if.
She went to jail because she killed 5 men.
I wouldn't have gone shopping if I had known about the accident.
She went to prison so that she couldn't kill any more men.
Although she always tried hard, she failed every exam she had.
Rather than do my work, I prefer to play on the computer.
Discourse markers
Complete this dialogue using the following expressions to mark discourse. You can only use each expression once.
As I was saying…, that's a good point, but… , in my opinion…, the point is…, on the other hand…
A: Czech is the most difficult language in the world to learn.
B: In my opinion Chinese might be more difficult.
A: Czech is more difficult than English because it has declensions.
B: That's a good point, but English has very difficult articles and phrasal verbs.
A: Where are you going on holiday?
B: Well, China is too expensive, so maybe Slovakia is better.
A: On the other hand, China would be more exciting!
A: Did I tell you about my sexy new girlfriend?
B: No, who is she?
A: Well, (phone rings… A talks for 5 minutes) Sorry, what were we talking about?
B: Uhm, your sexy new girlfriend.
A: Oh yeah! As I was saying, you already know her, she's your sister!
A: If you look at the sales figures, they show a 50 percent decrease.
B: So what does it all mean?
A: Well, the point is our company is in severe trouble.
Conjunctions
Write sentences using each of these conjunctions.
Time: before, after, until, since - Answers at teacher's discretion
Place: where, wherever - Answers at teacher's discretion
Cause: since, because, as, for - Answers at teacher's discretion
Condition: if, although, unless, or - Answers at teacher's discretion
Comparison: as, than, like, if, as though - Answers at teacher's discretion
Determiners
1. Choose which words fit the sentences.
I have three dogs. All / Every of them love going for a walk, but neither / none of them likes being brushed.
You can borrow either / each the Renault or the Rover. They´re all / both in the garage.
My two daughters are each / both good at languages, but none / neither of them can do maths at all.
I have a shower every / each day.
I´ve got thirty people in my class, and every / each student is special to me.
“How much are the roses?“ “One pound either / each.“
I have any / no idea how I spend all my money. At the end of every / each month, it´s all gone.
I know every / each word of his songs by heart.
There are fifteen rooms in this hotel. Each / Every room is a little different.
You can have either / each an orange or an apple, but you can´t have either / both.
“Tea or coffee?“ “Either / Neither, thanks. I´ve got to rush.“
“Red wine or white?“ “Either / Neither, whichever is open.“
I know either / both Robert and his brother, but I don´t like both / either of them.
“Can you help me with my homework?“ “Sure. None / No problem.“
I have four brothers. Every / Each of us is different.
Prepositions
1 Complete these sentences using these prepositions. Only use each one once:
off, between, through, under, back from, out of, into, over, past, across.
The river is under the bridge.
The bridge goes over the river.
You must get out of Prague to enjoy the Bohemian countryside!
He fell from the bridge into the river.
You can drive through the Liben tunnel.
He is back from his holidays and he has a great suntan.
You must go across the bridge if you want to go to the castle.
If you get tram number 22, it will take you past the castle.
Don't jump off the Zizkov TV tower!
Life is what happens between birth and death.
2 Fill in the blanks with the correct prepositions. If no preposition is needed, leave the space empty.
1The new computerised system consists of two units equipped with digital cameras.
2Palm-size and handheld PCs will benefit from speech technology.
3The stay abroad was of great benefit to my future career.
4Brian´s job involves a lot of travelling. He often has to go away on business.
5The company was faced with financial problems.
6The firm closed down because there wasn´t enough demand for its product.
7It wasn´t easy but in the end we succeeded in finding a solution to the problem.
8Do you know how to operate ___ this instrument?
9Who is in charge of this project?
10Bill provided me with all the information I needed.
11He was promoted to a senior position.
12The lawyer advised us on tax matters.
13If you´re worried about the problem, you should do something about it.
14We discussed ___ the problem but we didn´t reach a decision.
15Why don´t you apply for that job?
16This regulation doesn´t apply to you. You are under (less than) 18.
17Workers at the factory have gone on strike for better pay and conditions.
18The company has rejected the workers´ demands for a rise in pay.
19George´s salary is very low. It isn´t enough to live on .
20He promised ___ us a share of / in the profits.
21I´m interested in chess but I´m not very good at it.
22The police are searching for the man who escaped from prison.
23It´s not very pleasant when you are accused of something you didn´t do.
24I promise to get everything ready by eight o´clock at the latest.
25He was accepted on a programming course.
26What time do you usually arrive at work in the morning?
27He arrived in London at 6 pm on a foggy November day. We often have fogs in November.
28We must try to get ___ home in time for dinner.
29I´m a bit lonely. I need somebody to talk to .
30We have to deal with this problem as soon as possible.
31These days everybody is aware of the dangers of smoking.
32I wanted to go alone but they insisted on coming with me.
33John graduated in chemistry and physics.
34It´s three years since I did any skiing.
35We didn´t reach Berlin till after dark, and had some difficulty in / ___ finding our hotel.
36He became involved in a new research.
37My job involves ___ a fixed working time.
38You can´t rely on him. He´s almost always late for appointments.
39It never occurred to me to ask him for proof of his identity.
40Barcodes in the packaging of groceries will soon be replaced with radio-frequency tags.
41The number of people suffering from heart disease has increased.
42I hardly ever use a credit card or cheques. I prefer to pay for things in cash.
43Did you come here by car or on foot?
44The police want to question a man in connection with the robbery.
45Write your name at the top / bottom of the page.
46You´ll find the sports results on the back page of the newspaper.
47I´ll wait until / till Friday before making a decision.
48Have you ever been to Australia?
49There was an accident at the crossroads this morning.
50Turn left at the roundabout.
Articles
1 Make larger sentences, using the correct article, from these newspaper headlines.
a)Man eaten by snake in London zoo - A man was eaten by a snake in London zoo.
b)US President chokes on pretzel - The American president choked on a pretzel.
c)Taxes to increase - The taxes will be increased./ Taxes will be increased (if we use the taxes usually for something specific – especially in the US)
d)Pope to visit Eurodisney - The Pope is going to visit Eurodisney.
e)Taxes set to increase once more - The taxes will be going up again/ Taxes will be going up again.
2 Complete these sentences, using the definite article, the indefinite article, or the zero article where
appropriate.
a) I live in the city of Prague.
I live in _____ Prague.
Prague is the best city in the world.
I live in a flat in Red Hill Housing Estate.
Red Hill Housing Estate is near _____ Europe street.
You pass _____ Europe street on the way to the airport.
An airport is a busy place, but the assistants are very helpful.
The biggest airport in _____ Europe is in _____ Frankfurt.
_____ Frankfurt is not the capital city of _____ Germany.
The Germans are _____/a very clever and friendly people.
3 Name three… and write a sentence using each one.
a)Landmarks of Prague - The Clock Tower, the Castle, The Old Town Square, etc (the if unique)
Oceans - The Pacific, the Atlantic, the Indian, etc (always the)
Wonders of the Ancient World - The Colossus of Rhodes, The Pyramids, The Oracle of Delphi, etc (always the)
Languages - German, Czech, Slovak, etc (never the)
Mountains - Mount Everest, Mont Blanc, White Mountain, etc (never the, with the exception of – the Matterhorn)
Mountain ranges - The Krkonose, the Himalayas, the Dolomites, etc (always the)
Rivers - The Vltava, the Labe, the Berounka, etc (always the)
Cities - Prague, London, Paris, etc (never the, with the exception of – the Hague/the Vatican)
Archipelagoes - The Maldives, the Bahamas, the Galapagos, the Philippines etc (always the)
Seas - The Mediterranean, the Red Sea, the Black Sea, etc (always the)
Fill in the gaps with the definite, indefinite or zero article where appropriate.
4Elsa, a German company, has demonstrated an 18-inch flat display called Ecomo 4D, which is designed for 3D applications used by ___ design engineers. This 3D monitor is controlled by an advanced graphics card, and 3D viewing is possible without ___ special eyeglasses. The system displays different pictures for the left and right eyes, supported by two display layers. The upper one works as a kind of prismatic layer that sends the different pictures to the appropriate eye. The position of the eyes is registered by two integrated cameras. An intelligent eye-tracking system combined with a controlling device synchronises the prismatic layer and position of the eyes.
5By doubling the resolution of existing liquid-crystal displays (LCDs), IBM has created a monitor which, when viewed from ___ 18 inches away or farther, shows images that the human eye finds indistinguishable from the real thing.
The T220, as it is called, measures 22 inches across the diagonal, and displays 9.2m picture elements (pixels). That gives it a resolution of 200 pixels per ___ inch, twice the previous state of the art monitor. This achievement has come as a result of gradual improvements in optics, liquid-crystal chemistry and microelectronics made by IBM groups.
At the current retail price of $22,000, the T220 is hardly going to be flying off the shelves. But it will be ideal for ___ hospitals. Historically, radiology has been a driving force behind the development of high-resolution screens.
6To set up a Wi-Fi network in your home or office, you simply buy a base station, plug it into a phone socket or a high-speed Internet connection and hang it on a wall. Using unlicensed radio spectrum, the base station communicates with ___ computers within 100 metres or so, provided they are equipped with a suitable plug-in card. It also enables the computers to communicate with each other. In effect, Wi-Fi lets you flood a building with ___ wireless connectivity. This has a number of advantages. It is often cheaper and easier to link several PCs together wirelessly than to run ___ messy cables all over the place.
7A satellite navigation system called the global positioning system works by measuring the time it takes a radio signal from a satellite to reach a receiver on the ground. Each satellite continuously broadcasts a signal that gives its position and the time. A GPS receiver compares its own time with the satellite´s time, and uses the difference between the two to calculate the distance. Taking measurements from four satellites allows the receiver to pinpoint latitude, longitude and altitude. It takes less than a tenth of a second for the signal from a satellite overhead to reach a receiver on the ground. What device could keep ___ time that precisely?
8Big Brother is alive and well all over Britain. More than a million cameras now monitor ___ citizens´ movements. That´s more per ___ head of population than in any other country. By one reckoning, the average commuter can expect to be caught on film ___ 300 times between opening the garden gate in the morning and returning at ___ night. Glance upward in almost any town center for proof: a wall-mounted camera – sometimes in a bulletproof casing – trained on the / ___ shoppers below. Over the last 10 years the police and local communities have invested hugely in the technology. Figures suggest that a network of cameras in a town center can reduce ___ crime by 70 percent.
9A biometric is, as its name suggests, a measurement of a biological characteristic. Fingerprints are the best-known example, but others include hand geometry, iris scanning and facial recognition. Biometric systems are employed for ___ two main purposes. The first is identification, in which a subject's identity is determined by comparing a measured biometric against a database of stored records. The second is verification, which compares a measured biometric with one known to come from a particular person. All biometrics can be used for verification, but only those that are unique to an individual ___ notably fingerprints, iris scanning and facial recognition ___ can be used for identification. As a result, different biometrics are used for different kinds of security check.
Iris scanning is used in ___ dozens of jails in America to identify prisoners, staff and visitors, ensuring that the right people are let in and out. Iris scanners have also been tested by banks in a number of countries to identify ___ users of cash machines. Since the iris scan identifies each customer, there is no need to insert a bank card or remember a personal identification number.
Facial recognition, on the other hand, is unique among biometrics in that it can be used passively ___ in other words, an image of a face can be compared with a database of suspects without the subject's knowledge. Such systems, connected to a network of closed-circuit television cameras, are already used to spot ___ criminals and football hooligans in Britain. The same technology has been installed at Keflavik airport in Iceland. As well as passively scanning ___ airports for known suspects, everybody should be required to have a close-up facial scan as they check in, just as your credit is checked when you buy something with a credit card.
Do or Make?
1. Complete these sentences using the correct verb in the correct form.
Relax, I'll do the cooking tonight.
Be careful not to make any mistakes!
Would you do me a big favour please?
Just do your best.
Just make an effort to come tonight.
It's not nice to make fun of others.
Do you mind if I make a suggestion?
Will you make friends with me?
Can you do the shopping, please?
She did/made/will do/will make some exams this semester.
2. Here is a list of things that we either do, or make. Make two sections and divide the things into two
groups - a 'do' group and a 'make' group. Remember! We use 'make' when there is an end product. We use 'do' when the activity is an end in itself.
DoMake
badlyan agreement
one's bestan apology
business withan appointment
cookingan arrangement
an examan attempt
an exercisea complaint
harma decision
sightseeingan effort
shoppingan excuse
travellinga fortune
worka suggestion
wellfriends with
fun of
sport (do sport or make sport with)
a mistake
money
war
a phonecall
progress
Phrasal verbs
A phrasal verb is a verb + preposition / adverb combination. Phrasal verbs are common in informal, spoken English. Sometimes they have a more formal one word equivalent, for example, work out = determine. Often phrasal verbs have two meanings.
1 Study these phrasal verbs:
break into grow upthrow away
get intophone uplog on
hack intorun upfind out
go aboutkeep attrack down
set aboutshut downhand over
keep ahead
Now complete each blank with the appropriate phrasal verb in the correct form. In some cases, more than one answer is possible.
Hackers try to find out passwords so they can penetrate a system.
Don´t hand over your password to anyone who asks for it.
The police tracked Ralph down by taking to his friends and acquaintances.
Some hackers break into/ hack into/ get into systems to get commercially valuable information.
When you log on to a network, you have to provide an ID.
How do you go about/ set about hacking into a system?
Hackers may phone up, pretending to be from your company, and ask for your password.
Never throw away your credit card receipts where someone can find them.
Ralph was a hacker as a teenager but he´s grown up now and become more responsible.
Hacking into a system is strictly illegal nowadays.
It´s a constant race to keep ahead of the hackers.
2 Replace the verb in italics with a phrasal verb of similar meaning (some come from the list above).
Don´t throw away your credit card receipts; they could help fraudsters.
Trying to hack into computer systems is against the law.
The typical hacker is a young person who has not grown up yet.
The best way to go about/ set about hacking into a system is to try to get hold of a password.
If someone phones you up and asks for your password, don´t hand it over.
Hackers ran up a telephone bill of ₤1m for Scotland Yard.
The difficult thing was to work out how the website would look.
So you won´t forget, note down the ID number the support technician gives you.
Check out the manufactures´ websites before you phone for help.
3 Complete the sentences. Use the phrasal verb which means the same as the verb in brackets. Put the
phrasal verb in the right form.
come across/ out/ round/ up
Do come round and see me when you have time. (visit me informally)
The rain stopped and the sun came out. (appeared)
I´m sorry. I have to cancel my appointment. Something urgent has come up. (happened)
I came across an old schoolfriend in town yesterday. (met by chance)
get in/ on/ over/ through
What time does your train get in? (arrive)
How are we going to get on without you? (manage)
I phoned him but his phone was engaged so I couldn´t get through. (make contact)
It´s taken her a long time to get over her illness. (recover from)
go down/ off/ on/ through/ over
Please go on I´m very interested in what you´re saying. (continue)
Let´s go over/ go through the programme again to make sure we´ve included everything. (look carefully at)
A lot of people were injured when the bomb went off in a crowded train. (exploded)
We can´t do any work because our computer system has gone down. (stopped working temporarily)
take off/ on/ over/ up
The plane couldn´t take off because of the fog. (leave the ground and fly)
He´s going to take up golf when he retires. (begin to learn)
The company is expanding and taking on new staff. (recruiting)
4Complete each gap in these sentences with the appropriate form of the correct verb from this list:
back upkeep up update build up set up upgrade catch up start up upload free up
1To avoid losing data, you should back up your files regularly.
2You can upgrade your PC by adding a new motherboard.
3Delete some files to free up space on your hard disk.
4Data is uploaded from regional PCs to the company's mainframe each night.
5The operating system boots when you start up your computer.
6She's taking a course to update her knowledge of computing.
7The computer checks the memory when it starts up.
8He set up a website to advertise his travel company.
9You can keep up/ catch up with developments by reading PC magazines.
10If you miss a class, you can study the hand-outs to catch up.
11The image in a digital camera is built up from a red, green and blue image.
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