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The Czech history
The name of our country comes from the time of the Celtic settlement (4th century BC) and is based on the name of the Celtic tribe of BOII.
Since the beginning of the 6th century our present- day territory was inhabited by Slavonic tribes. The first Slavonic state was Samo’s empire, which was founded here in 623. Samo was a Frank merchant. The Empire had to resist the pressure of the powerful Avar Empire centred in the Hungarian Lowlands and defend it against the Frank attackers from the west but with partial success.
In the 9th century- in 830 1st state formation Great Moravian Empire was formed as a result of further development and uniting of Slavonic tribes. The Great Moravian Empire is associated with the arrival of Christianity
In 863 Byzantine Christian missionaries Cyril and Metoděj came to Moravia to introduce Slavic liturgy there. They evangelised and translated the Bible, spread Christianity in Slavonic language and made characters for the Slavs called hlaholice.
Great Moravian Empire submitted to Magyar invaders (=Avars) who seized the southern part and the Empire fell.
The Premyslid dynasty (9th century- 1306)
State activities were concentrated in the Czech State where the power was taken over by the Czech tribe headed by the Premyslid Dynasty. According to the Myths, the 1st Czech prince was Krok; his seat was in Vyšehrad-> after his death his power passed to his daughter Libuše. She was very clever and was able to foretell the future; Libuše married Přemysl ( a ploughman) who became the founder of Premyslid dynasty.
1st historically documented Czech prince Bořivoj I. He married Ludmila and both converted to Christianity. He ruled over the territory of the Czech lands and over a considerable part of Great Moravia. Prague became the centre of the new Czech state.
The last Premyslids (12/13 century)
Přemysl Otakar I (1197-1230) received the Golden Bull of Sicily- 1212- a decree proclaiming Bohemia a kingdom and Bohemian princes hereditary kings, also declaring the indivisibility of the Kingdom of Bohemia; it specified the relations between the Czech ruler and the ruler of the Holy Roman Empire. Bohemia then became one of the most important states within the framework of the empire.
The reign of the powerful king Přemysl Otakar II was characterized by a policy of expansion of power. This expansionist tendency continued during the reigns of the Premyslid kings as well. He established the Lesser Town, was a good warrior; the Czech lands were rich(silver) and prosperous; culture flourished; he was called the Golden and Iron King
1306 Wenceslav III was murdered in Olomouc and it meant the Premyslid Dynasty had died out by the sword.
The Luxemburg Dynasty (310-1437)
After several years of instability the Czech throne went by way of a dynastic wedding to the Luxemburg and the Czech Kingdom became a part of Holly Roman Empire.
The reign of the dynasty started when John Luxemburg was elected King of Bohemia in 1310. He married Eliška Přemyslovna and they has son Charles IV. John spent most of his time abroad and did not take much notice of internal affairs in Bohemia. He is known as “King Foreigner”. He neglected his duties so the Czech nobles asked Charles IV to return. He was born as Wenceslav, renamed after his uncle (the French King) who gave him the best education at his court.
The Kingdom of Bohemia reached its height of power and prestige during the reign of Charles IV, the 2nd Luxemburg on the throne of B
Vloženo: 8.07.2011
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