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Studijní materiály
Zjednodušená ukázka:
Stáhnout celý tento materiálShopping, Fashion
Supermarkets vs. the corner shops
Kinds of shop
Competition
Good shop
Paying for goods
Clothes make the man, is it important to look well?
Dressing for different occasions
Paying for goods
If you want to buy something, you must pay, nothing is free, of course some people can decide to steal, but it is illegal.
You can pay in different ways: by cash, cheques or credit cards.
Nowadays people can buy anything, also ridiculous things such as islands or area on the Moon
Kinds of shops
There are a lot of kinds of shops.
Supermarkets, corner shops.
Except these ways of shopping we can purchase in shopping centres or we can shop by internet.
Shopping by internet is very comfortable and fast, you don´t have to go to shop, but you can not try chosen products.
There are also self-service shops, delivery service, street markets which offer different goods – vegetable, jewellery and which are very cheap.
Actually there are some special shops which are specialized for something.
Branded shops offer good quality, good choice of goods but these shops are expensive.
I prefer big stores where is really good selection of offer goods but sometimes I also visit small shops.
Competition
Between every shop is of course competition.
Each shop wants to have a lot of customers, so shops provide different sales and advantages to customer.
These sales may be good for customer, but not every time. Sale goods can not have high quality.
Supermarkets vs. the corner shops
Nowadays are popular big stores, where you can buy almost everything. In this stores there is a very big selection of goods but this stores (f.e. with food) want to sell everything so this products may have defects.
Big supermarkets are faster for customers they save their time.
Against this stores there are corner shops, which are small shops often in street corner. Advantage of this corner shops is that they are opened until late evening including Sundays. But the selection of goods is not big here and prices here are higher mostly.
Good shop
How to recognize good shop? I think in good shop should be willing staff which is not unpleasant or rude but staff which can help you choose the best goods for you.
Next condition of good shop is big selection of goods, acceptable prices.
Clothes make the man
Nowadays fashion is important for many people.
Fashion is big business. I think clothes really make the man.
People want to make good impression and by the help of suitable clothes they can reach something better.
Some people follow latest and newest trends and designs in the smallest details but some people don´t care about themself and how are they looking.
Some women are really obsessed with fashion, they have thousands pairs of shoes, I am really not shoe or fashion nut.
People express with clothes their life style, their attitude and personality.
There are differences between man and women fashion, but not as big as in the past.
Nowadays there exist uni-sex fashion, which can be used by women and man as well.
Fashion is changing quickly.
Designers from London, New York, Rome, Paris always income with new ideas and designs. Some of these designs are ridiculous, they are not for common use.
There are a lot of places where we can buy clothes for us: boutiques which are mostly expensive, internet, second-hands which are very cheap and used by poor people or young people. Branded clothes like Nike, Adidas, Reebok we can buy in specialized shops which quarantee good quality but these products are mostly very expensive
Dressing for different occasions
People are dressing for different occasions – work: to work people should chose clothes according to their work. It should be serious clothes in every case.
When people sport they wear sport clothes such as t-shirts, training suit, trainers.
To theatre people should choose serious clothes – man suit and women dress with high heel shoes.
Aceptable-přijatelný
Advantage-výhoda
Amount-množství
Attitude-postoj
Base-základ
Branded-značkový
Competition-konkurence
Corner shop- obchod na rohu
Currency-měna
Increase-zvýšit
Necessary-nezbytný
Purchase-nákup
Suitable-vhodný
Velvet-samet
Willing-ochotný
SPORTS AND GAMES
Sports in my life
Types of sports – indoor/outdoor, summer/winter
Popular sports in Czech, USA, Britain
Sport events
Sport facilities in Prague
Drugs in sport
+ and -
Types of sports
Indoor/outdoor: we can practice indoor sports such as for example squash and tennis table or outdoor sports such as diving or climbing. Some sports are both indoor and outdoor like swimming or tennis.
Individual/collective: some sports are individual like swimming or cycling and some sports are collective like football or hockey. Individual activities are sports and collective activities are games. Some sports may be both individual and collective such as tennis. I prefer individual sports. I am individual player.
Summer/winter: we can also divide sports to summer such as volleyball and winter such as skiing.
Some sports are very dangerous like climbing, moto-sports, horse riding, bungee jumping and some sports can be quite expensive.
Popular sports in Czech, USA, Britain
Some sports are popular more some sports less, in every country it is different.
USA: in the USA are the most popular sports American football, basketball (NBA), ice hockey (NHL) or baseball and golf. In the USA is very extended watching wrestling. I really don’t like this sport.
Britain: popular sports in Britain are tennis and cricket which is called the English national sport.
Czech: there are two national sports in Czech Republic – ice hockey and football. Nowadays our football team is not good as used to be in past. Our hockey team was really successful in the past, we won one Olympic games – Nagano 1998 but the last Winter Olympic Games in Vancouver our team unfortunately screwed it up, we weren’t in final four.
Sport events
Nowadays in the whole world take place some important sport events – Summer Olympics Games, Winter Olympics Games which are held every four years. Other important events are World and European Championships and World Cups which are providing in almost every sports and other are The Grand Slam Tennis Tournaments, The Formula One Championship etc.
Sport facilities in Prague
There is a big number of sport facilities in Prague and lot of kinds of them.
We can sort them to two groups: private facilites only for members of some sport club and public facilities open for everybody.
Private facilities can be for example fitness clubs which are very extended now.
Sport facilities are for example swimming pools, sport gyms, fitness centers as I said
In Prague it is stadium called Strahov, or arena called O2, there are providing for example big hockey events.
Sports in my life
I love sports. I am doing fencing like 8 years, I am a member of Prague fencing club and I am also in Czech representation.
But I also like other sports like skiing, swimming or running. And I like to watch big ice hockey and athletic events in TV.
+ and -
There are many reasons why we should to perform some activity.
Some people practice some sport because of good health and keep their body shape, some people do sports just for fun, for somebody sports are their jobs.
Sport is a good relaxation. Sport is also important for our physical and mental health.
But sport also can be dangerous and people may cause some injuries to themselves.
Drugs in sport
Unfortunately nowadays sport is not as clean as used to be in past.
Pressure is big and every sportsman wants to be the best.
So somebody can decide to use some pills and drugs and by the help of these items can be better, faster or stronger.
But these drugs are very dangerous and may cause some serious health problems, even death.
During the important events there are providing doping controls.
To perform – vykonávat
Facility-zařízení
Sort-roztřídit
Stadium-stadion
The Environment
Trees in danger, acid rain, rainforests, ozone hole, greenhouse effect, gas from animals
Organizations
Pollution
Effects of population on the environment
Different kinds of powerstations, alternatives
The Environment
Environment is everything that surrounds us.
Organizations
Nowadays exist some organizations which helps protect and preserve our nature. The most famous is organization called Green Peace.
Pollution
Pollution is one of the most serious problems of our age.
We can live thanks to components such as water, air, soil and sun. These things are obvious for us. But we are destroying them. The quality of these components is not as good as used to be in past.
Next ages will be very affected of mistakes our age did.
One of serious pollution problems is smog in big cities which is caused by use of cars and working in factories.
Other problem is people throw away too much of rubbish, a lot of rubbish that we throw away is not biodegradable. People must avoid using nonbiodegradable material.
Effects of population on the environment
Pollution is remarkably caused by human activity.
We are polluting water, soil and everything. Some people care about environment but most of people don’t.
Many natural resources are not renewable.
We should behave to our nature and environment properly, we should preserve and protect them.
We should trash out, save energy, recycle, not to buy plastics.
Different kinds of powerstations, alternatives
Nowadays exist a lot of kinds of powerstations but 94% of the world energy comes from fossil fuels.
We are getting energy from rubbish.
There exist some alternatives such as nuclear energy, but after disaster in Chernobyl most of people think this way of getting energy is dangerous.
Other alternatives: we can get power by help of wind energy, solar energy, wave energy from sea or geothermal energy from hot rocks. These ways of getting energy don´t make pollution and they aren’t dangerous but they are not effectual too much.
One recent study says bio fuels are more harmful then coal oil and oil.
Rainforests, trees in danger
Nowadays trees and rainforest are in serious danger, they are cutting down every minute. In the near future there will be shortage of trees.
Trees and rainforests are important for us, they give us oxygen, thanks to them we can breath.
These forests are also home of different types of animals, and if we kill these trees we will also kill these animals.
Trees are cutting down because of needs of people – people need land, wood, paper…but we also need oxygen so people should think about this and reduce cutting down trees and provide some alternative methods.
Trees are disappearing and in bad conditions. It probably causes air pollution and acid rain.
The Greenhouse effect
Greenhouse effect is caused because of water vapours and greenhouse gases.
Without greenhouse effect there will be no life on the Earth.
It causes global warming.
If the carbon gases will be not somehow stopped the greenhouse effect will get worse and global warming will increase, the glaciers will melt and the level of seas will be higher.
Acid rain
Acid rain is caused by emissions of sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides.
These emissions come from the use of coal and fuel.
These emissions are released into atmosphere and returning back to Earth as acid rain, snow or fog.
Acid rain is one of the most serious pollution problems.
Acid rain kills fishes and trees, acid rain also slowly destroys buildings and bridges.
Acid rain travel, pollution in one country can become acid rain for another country.
People may have respiratory problems because of acid rain.
Gas from animals
In parts of India and China people use biogas for cooking
People put water and manure from animals into a large tank.
This produces a gas and methane.
Ozone hole
Ozone hole in the ozone layer was caused by the use of gas freon, nowadays it is getting larger.
Ozone layer protects us before skin cancer.
Depend – závislý
Soil - půda
Coal – uhlí
Fog - mlha
Třídění odpadu – sort, trash out
Resource – zdroj
Účinný – effectual
Manure-hnůj
Tank-cisterna
Travelling, transport
Kinds of transportation
Public transportation
Luggage
Accommodation
Passports, visa, insurance
My traveling
Kinds of transportation
Traveling has change a lot.
In past traveling wasn´t so much easy. People didn´t have too much posibility travel as nowadays. In the past people had to travel only by walk, by using different animals, but traveling has developed.
Many people have to travel somewhere every day. These people we called commuters. There is a lot of reasons why people travel - commute: they have to go to school, to their jobs, go on holiday. For some people is traveling just a hobby.
Nowadays people can travel by many different ways – by train, plane – it is very fast, comfortable, I personally prefer this way of traveling but some people think this way of traveling is dangerous. If you travel by plane, you have to be like 2 hours at airport before your flight. When your flight takes a long time, you would get some food, it is included in your flight ticket and maybe you can watch some movie during your flight.
Every transport has some pros and cons.
Traveling by plane is fast, but when some terrorist get in your flight it is not good at all :D.
Traveling by bus takes a long time. I don’t like traveling by bus.
Traveling by ship is nice, you can see nice nature around you, but you can meet some glacier like Titanic did...unpleasant thing. But if you can swim you have chance to get to some island and survive, if some shark doesn’t eat you. :D. Nowadays exist luxury and comfortable holidays ships with many advantages and reasons why travel with these ships. You have to buy a ticket, either single ticket or return ticket if you want to travel with this transport.
But the most typical way of transport is still a car. I like travel by car, you can stop wherever and whenever you want. But there is a lot of car accidents every day.
You can travel by yourself or with travel agency, which ensure your holiday, accommodation, with travel agency it is more expensive but it is more comfortable and you don’t have to worry about anything.
Nowadays there are a lot of possibilities for transport of disabled people. They have better entrance for example to underground then in the past.
Accommodation
If you travel there is a lot of ways where you can sleep – you can check room in hotel, motel, hostel which is usually used by young people, next choice can be tent, by the sea it can be some bungalow or you can spend night by open air in the nature but you should take care about yourself before thieves and wild dangerous animals
I prefer accommodation in hotels or apartments. It is comfortable.
Exchanged students are mostly housed in families.
Passports, visa, insurance
If people travel from one state to another they need a valid passport.
If people travel by car or bus they have to cross border of other country and show this valid passport to customs officer. But in EU this rule is broken.
To some states people need a visa.
When people travel to some long distance countries they should get some insurance and vaccinations against some diseases.
Luggage
When people travel on holidays or longer trip they take some luggage with themselves, man bags, rucksakes, suitcases, women handbags with some clothes, food, personal things and other stuff.
Nowadays are making comfortable luggage with wheels.
But if you travel by plane you have to keep weight limit of your luggage or you will pay extra money for over weight.
Your luggage can be damaged or lost during the transport, then you have to request employees of the airline company for compensation.
My traveling
I love traveling, it is my hobby, I travel quite often, in summer to vacations by sea, in winter to skiing and during the year I travel to different countries because of my sport competitions.
I was for example in Greece, Turkey, Ireland, Nederland, Denmark or Azerbaijan.
I prefer travel by plane. It is fun.
I love to know other countries and different cultures. Next year I am going to Russia.
Public transport
In cities is very important public transport, for example trams, underground, buses.
Public transport is quick and cheap.
I don´t like public transport at all. There is a lot of people there and it is messy.
Transport by taxi is more comfortable but it is more expensive than public transport.
If you wanna travel by public transport you need valid ticket. Or you need fast legs before revisor.
Cystome Office – celník
Disable – postižený
Open air – širák
ensure – zajistit
housed – ubytovaný
compensation- náhrada
KRYSAŘ1) Autor: Viktor Dyk2) Bibliografické údaje: Vydal Knižní klub v Praze v roce 1997, deváté vydání, 80 stran; ilustrace Kateřina Zachová.3) Doba vzniku: 19114) Žánr: novela5)Informace o autorovi: (31. prosince 1877 Pšovka u Mělníka – 14. května 1931 Lopud) byl významný český básník, prozaik, dramatik, publicista .Navštěvoval gymnázium v Žitné ulici v Praze, Od roku 1907 až do své smrti se podílel na redigování časopisu Lumír. V letech HYPERLINK "http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1910" \o "1910" 1910– HYPERLINK "http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914" \o "1914" 1914 redigoval také časopis Samostatnost6)děj:Krysař přišel do Hamel na pozvání konšelů města, aby vyhnal dotěrné krysy. Za to měl dostat 100 rýnskách, které - i přestože krysy vyhnal - nedostal. Proto šel za pány konšeli, aby jim připomněl smlouvu, kterou uzavřeli.Oni ho ale neposlochali a vyhodili ho.On šel za Agnes.Druhý den odejde z města ale večer se zase vrátí a Agnes mu řekne že čeká dítě s někým jiným. S Kristianem.Krysař se s ní dohodne že odejde a nechá ji s kristianem.Jednou s ale krysař vrátí a Agnes ale už je mrtvá.Rozhodne se že celé město odvede do propasti pomocí své píšťalky.jediný kdo zůstane je hloupý rybář který vše chápe později a jedno malé dítě které není ještě zkažené.Vše končí tím že rybář odchází hledat ženu která by nakrmila dítě.¨7)Prostředí a čas: blíže nespecifikováno, čas se podřizuje hrdinovi8)hlavní postavy:-Krysař-moudrý,citlivý,velmi zkušený-Agnes – je milenkou Kristiana,je velmi naivní,zamiluje se do krysaře.-Kristián – milenec Agnes,obyčejný muž z menšího města-Sepp Jörgen-rybář, duševně zaostalý, všechno pochopí až o den později.Nakonec přežije.9)úryvek:Pro dva lidi je jen určitá míra lásky: ohraničená a nezměnitelná. Nemiluj přespříliš, chceš-li býti milován; vyčerpáš sám všechnu lásku, určenou pro dva. Přemíra lásky, kterou dáváš, ničí možnost lásky, kterou bys měl bráti; to ti radí krysař, který mnoho viděl.Ukazuje citlivost krysaře,jeho moudrost,zkušenosti….10)vypravěč:je sám autor11)jazykové prostředky: dialogy, paralelismus, prvky romantismu, paradoxy12)vlastní názor:Jednoduchý a zajímavý příběh,rychle plynoucí děj,pěkné téma,tajemnost děje a postav,velmi zajímavá kniha
AlkoholyAutor:Guillaume ApollinaireBásnická zbírka avantgardního obdobíVelmi důležité dílo světové poezieDoba vzniku: 1898-1913Přeložili: K.Čapek, A. Kroupa, M. KunderaNakladatelství Československý spisovatel, Praha 1965Informace o autorovi:Tento autor se narodil v Římě 26.srpna 1880. jeho plné jméno bylo Guillaume-Albert-Vladimir-Alexandre Apollinaire.Narodil se jako nemanželské dítě.Autor mládí strávil v Monaku.Tam žil pouze s matkou.Už ve škole s přítelem vydával časopis kde publikoval sé básně.Po maturitě kterou ale neudělal se s matkou a jejím milencem odstěhoval do Paříže kde už zůstal.V paříži i zemřel.Zemřel na španělskou chřipku.Celé dílo je složeno z pěti částí : Píseň milovaného,Oheň, Rýnské básně, Zásnuby, Ve vězení.Všechny básně jsou velmi různorodé a nejsou mezi sebou propojeny.Vše je psáno rýmovaným veršem,velmi často používá lidové výrazy,archaismy,neologismy,zvláštní slovní spojení.První je báseň Pásmo: to je polytematická báseň,představuje proud myšlenek ,pocitů,nálad,prolínání času,střídání míst kde sw vše odehrává…Poslední báseň je Vendemiaire.Pásmo: Tím starým světem přec jsi znaven na
Vloženo: 18.02.2011
Velikost: 1,93 MB
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