- Stahuj zápisky z přednášek a ostatní studijní materiály
- Zapisuj si jen kvalitní vyučující (obsáhlá databáze referencí)
- Nastav si své předměty a buď stále v obraze
- Zapoj se svojí aktivitou do soutěže o ceny
- Založ si svůj profil, aby tě tví spolužáci mohli najít
- Najdi své přátele podle místa kde bydlíš nebo školy kterou studuješ
- Diskutuj ve skupinách o tématech, které tě zajímají
Studijní materiály
Zjednodušená ukázka:
Stáhnout celý tento materiál11. Prague
Prague is the capital of the Czech Republic, the seat of the president, governemnt and the political, cultural and economic centre of the country. Prague lies in the middle of Bohemia. It spread out on the both banks of the river Vltava in the centre of Bohemia. It covers and area of almost 500 km2 and it has about one million two hundred thousand inhabitants. The whole city consists of 10 administrative districts. The oldest parts of the town are the Old Town, the Lesser Town, the New Town, Josefov, Hradčany, Vyšehrad.
A legend connects the foundation of Prague with Princess Libuše of the Přemyslid dynasty who prophesied (= prorokoval) the future glory of Prague which „would touch the stars“. The oldest settlement of this area goes back to the Stone Age but the Slavs came to the Prague valley in the 6 th century. In the 9th century Prince Bořivoj founded a castle on a headland above the Vltava valley and it became the seat of princess of the Přemyslid dynasty. In the 10th century another castle, Vyšehrad, was built and it became temporarily a seat of the Přemyslid Princess too. Prague became the imperial residence of Charles IV (1346-1378) and during his reign it flourished (= kvetl) and grew. Charles IV. established an Archbishopric (1344), Charles University (1348) and New Town, he promoted the construction of Charles Bridge and St. Vitus Cathedral. In the 15th century Prague was the centre of the Hussite movement. In 1420 Jan Žižka defeated (= porazil) the first anti-Hussite crusade (= křížová výprava) on Vítkov Hill. At the end of the 16th century Prague regained its cosmopolitan character again when it became the seat of Rudolph II, who invited artists and scientists there (Tycho de Brahe, Johannes Kepler). On November 8, 1620 the Czech estates rose up (= vstal) against the Habsburgs and were defeated in the Battle of the White Mountain, near the place where the Star Summer Place and Enclosure (= ohrada) stands until now. In 1621, 27 representatives of the uprising were executed in the Old Town Square. The Thirty Years´s War, re-catholicization and germanization followed. The fact that Prague was not the capital of the monarchy any more preserved many historical buildings from the old times there. At the end of the 18th century it became the centre of Czech cultural life when Czech scholars and writers began the process of national revival. In 1918 Prague was the capital of the independent Czechoslovak Republic again. In 1939 it was occupies by German troops and in 1942 severely persecuted after the assassination of the Nazi deputy protector Reinhardt Heydrich. On the 9th May, 1945 the town was liberated (= osvobozeno) by the Russians. The August occupation of Prague in 1968 stopped the democratic reforms in the country and began the process of „normalization“. On 17th November 1989, the Velvet Revolution began democratic changes in our society. The whole process continued with the splitting (= rozdělení) of former federal Czechoslovakia into two independent states. On 1st January 1993, Prague became the capital of the Czech Republic.
Prague Castle was founded after 880. It is surrounded by the Strahov Monastery and Petřín hill with its famous watchtower. It is the seat of the president and it is the dominant of the city. From the square outside the castle tourists can admire the city below with the roofs of ancient Gothic, Renaissance and Baroque houses and palaces and hundreds of church spires (= špičatá věž) for which Prague is renowned. The monumental complex of the castle includes three courtyards and over 700 rooms among which the late Gothic Vladislav Hall and Spanish Hall and Rudolph Gallery. In Vladislav Hall the election of the President takes place. Spanish Hall and Rudolph Gallery serve for ceremonial and cultural ivents. The most interesting building at the Castle is St. Vitus Cathedral. It was completed in 1929. It was founded by Charles IV. in connection with the establishment of the Prague Archbishopric. The present cathedral is the result of the work of two famous architects Matthias of Arras and Petr Parléř. There is the Gothic St. Wenceslav Chapel decorated partly with semi-precious stones, the coronation chamber where the coronation jewels are kept (St. Wenceslas crown, the sceptre and the orb) and the Royal Crypt which contains the sarcophagues of Czech kings and queens. Another place worth seeing is the Convent of St George, the first to be built in Bohemia (993), now containing collections of the Gothic to the Baroque art of the National Gallery.
The convent church, the Basilica of St. George is the best preserved relic of Romanesque architecture in Bohemia. In the castle gardens we can admire the Royal Summer Palace Belvedere, the purest example of Italian Renaissance architecture north of the Alps, and the Singing Fountain which gained its fame due to the sound made by the falling drops of water. Golden Lane made up of tiny houses with coloured facades originated in the 16th century when craftsmen (= řemeslníci) settled there. In the Castle area too is the graffito decorated Schwarzenberg Palace which houses the military history collection, the Archibishop´s Palace with the beautiful 18th century Rococ
Vloženo: 7.06.2012
Velikost: 51,00 kB
Komentáře
Tento materiál neobsahuje žádné komentáře.
Mohlo by tě zajímat:
Skupina předmětu AJ - Anglický jazyk
Podobné materiály
- AJ - Anglický jazyk - Prague
- AJ - Anglický jazyk - INTRODUCING_PRAGUE_TO_A_FOREIGNER
- AJ - Anglický jazyk - Prague 1
- AJ - Anglický jazyk - Prague 2
- AJ - Anglický jazyk - Prague 3
- AJ - Anglický jazyk - Prague 4
- AJ - Anglický jazyk - prague and my town
- AJ - Anglický jazyk - Prague
- AJ - Anglický jazyk - Prague
- AJ - Anglický jazyk - One day in Prague
- AJ - Anglický jazyk - Prague
- AJ - Anglický jazyk - prague and my town
- AJ - Anglický jazyk - Prague
- AJ - Anglický jazyk - Prague 2
- AJ - Anglický jazyk - Prague
- AJ - Anglický jazyk - Prague
- AJ - Anglický jazyk - Prague I
- AJ - Anglický jazyk - Prague II
- AJ - Anglický jazyk - Prague
- AJ - Anglický jazyk - Prague
- AJ - Anglický jazyk - Prague
- AJ - Anglický jazyk - Prague
- AJ - Anglický jazyk - PRAGUE
- AJ - Anglický jazyk - PRAGUE (slovíčka EN-CZ)
- AJ - Anglický jazyk - Prague - CZ a EN text
- AJ - Anglický jazyk - Prague
- AJ - Anglický jazyk - Prague 2
- AJ - Anglický jazyk - Prague 3
- AJ - Anglický jazyk - Prague
- AJ - Anglický jazyk - Prague
- AJ - Anglický jazyk - Markovska. Prague. checked
- AJ - Anglický jazyk - Prague 3
- AJ - Anglický jazyk - prague and my town
- AJ - Anglický jazyk - Prague Sight History
- AJ - Anglický jazyk - Prague. checked
- AJ - Anglický jazyk - Prague
- AJ - Anglický jazyk - Prague2
Copyright 2024 unium.cz