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Prague
Prague is said to be a heart of Europe. Prague lies in the middle of Bohemia, in the centre of Europe. Prague has traditionally been one of the principal intellectual and cultural centres of central Europe.
Prague is the capital of the Czech republic with a population of over a million. It is the largest, oldest and the most important city in the country. It is situated along both banks of the Vltava River covering an area of about 500 km2. It is political centre, there are seats of the president, government, ministries and parliament. But it is cultural and economic centre of the country too.
The whole city consists of 10 districts. The oldest parts are the Old Town, the Lesser Town, the New Town, Hradčany and Vyšehrad.
The city´s origins date back to the 9th century. A legend connects the foundation of Prague with Princess Libuše (of the Přemysl dynasty) who said that this city „would touch the stars“.
As the seat of the Czech kings it was the political heart of Bohemia. In the mid-14th century, under the Bohemian king and Holy Roman Emperor Charles IV., who chose the city as capital of the empire, Prague experienced a period of unprecedented development.
The university was established (the oldest one in Europe), the construction of St. Vitus Cathedral was begun and the plan of the New Town designed. Charles IV. also promoted the construction of Charles Bridge. To name but a few projects initiated at the time.
Jan Huss´ reformist activities, which triggered the revolutionary Hussite movement are also linked with Prague. In the early 17th century Prague saw the uprising of the Czech Estates as well as the infamous execution of numerous Czech noblemen following the Czechs´defeat at the Battle of White Mountain, which marked the beginning of a long period of Habsburg oppression.
Paradoxically, the Baroque period during the Habsburg Counter-Reformation in the 18th century led to another golden age for Prague´s architecture. At that time, Prague´s two greatest Baroque architects, Christopher and Kilian Dienzenhofer, gave the city some of its finest buildings and sculptures. The Czech national revival in the 19th century restored Prague´s political and cultural prominence.
In 1918 the city became the capital of the newly independent Czechoslovakia. It suffered from the Nazi occupation from 1939 to 1945 and has been the scene of major upheavals in the country´s recent history.
Prague´s architectural heritage is incomparable. It features outstanding examples of all major styles of architecture, from early Romanesque to Gothic and Baroque. It is the largest European city not to have been largely devastated by World War II and, despite its modern urban development, the old part of town gas retained much of its original appearance.
The old centre of Prague consists of five historical districts. The Old Town, The New Town and Josefov, once the Jewish ghetto, are on the eastern bank of the Vltava while on the western bank are the Little Quarter and Hradčany, which surround Prague Castle.
Prague Castle, probably the city´s best-known sight, is over a thousand years old. It was founded in the 9th century, then rebuilt and extended many times. Once the seat of kings, it is still the official residence of the President of the Republic. This great complex of remarkable buildings is dominated by the exquisite St. Vitus Cathedral, built in French Gothic style.
Its construction began in 1344 by order of emperor Charles IV. Its interior decoration features stained-glass windows, frescoes and elaborate tombstones, including that of St Wenceslas, patron saint of the Czech lands.
The Bohemian crown jewels are kept in a chamber within the cathedral. Other interesting parts of Prague Castle include the Old Royal Palace with its huge Vladislav hall, still used for official ceremonies, the basilica of St. Georgge, a fine Romanesque church, and the Golden Lane, a 16th century tradesman quarter of tiny houses built into the castle walls.
Beneath Prague Castle lies the Little Quarter, a picturesque district of Prague with Baroque palaces and gardens built in the 17th and 18th centuries by the aristocracy and the smaller but no less beautiful houses constructed by burghers and artisans. The dome of St. Nicholas Church, Pragues Baroque masterpiece, visible form afar, is the most striking landmark of this area.
The Little Quarter is connected to the city centre by the famous Charles Bridge, the 14th century Gothis structure lined with Baroque statues. Across the Vltava river are other two historical sectors, the Old Town, the New Town, and much of modern Prague. The Old Town Square, the core of old Prague, has retained its historic quality. Its charm makes it extremely popular with touris
Vloženo: 1.07.2011
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