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Studijní materiály
Zjednodušená ukázka:
Stáhnout celý tento materiálPRAGUE
- is the capital city of the Czech Republic
- it is called the city of hundred spires because of there are many churches and other buildings
- the seat of the President, government and parliament and the political, cultural and economic centre of our country
- lies on the river Vltava in the centre of Bohemia
- covers an area of 500 sq km
- whole city consists of 10 administrative districts
- the oldest parts are Old Town, The Lesser Town, the New Town, Josefov, Hradčany and Vyšehrad
POPULATION
- has population about 1,2 million inhabitants
- many people from the other parts of the country commute here to work here
- the biggest ethnic groups are: the Slovaks, the Ukrainians, the Russians,..
- a big group of people is created by students → many universities and colleges (CKU, CVUT…)
HISTORY
- a legend connects the foundation with Princess Libuše of the Přemyslid dynasty → she prophesied the future glory of Prague "would touch the stars"
- in the 9th century Prince Bořivoj founded a castle on a headland above the Vltava valley and it became the seat of princes of the Přemyslid dynasty
- in the 10th century another castle, Vyšehrad was built and became temporarily a seat of
Přemyslid Princes too
- in the 12th century king Vladislav II had built the first bridge – Judith bridge
- in the 13th century under the reign of king Přemysl Otakar II Malá Strana (Lesser Quarter) was founded
- during the reign of Charles IV Prague grew and flourished
- in 1344 Charles IV established Archbishopric
- in 1348 he founded Charles University and The New Town and he also promoted the construction of Charles Bridge and St Vitus Cathedral
- during the reign of king Wenceslas IV, Jan Hus, theologian and lector at the Charles University, preached in Prague; he was summoned to the Council of Constance, put on trial for heresy, and burned in Konstanz in 1415
- four years later Prague experienced its First Defenestration when the people rebelled under the command of the Prague priest Jan Želivský
- in the 15th century Prague was the centre of the Hussite movement
- at the end of the 16th century Prague became a seat of Rudolph II who invited artists and scientists there (Tycho de Brahe, J.Kepler)
- in 1618 - the famous Second Defenestration of Prague provoked the Thirty Years' War, a particularly harsh period for Prague and Bohemia
- in 1620 - battle of the White Mountain-Czech estates against the Habsburgs (they won)
- in 1621 - 27 representatives of the uprising were executed in The Old Town Square
- in 1689, a great fire devastated Prague, but this spurred a renovation and a rebuilding of the city
- in 1713–1714, a major outbreak of plague hit Prague one last time
- at the end of 18th century Prague became the centre of Czech cultural life when Czech scholars and writers began the process of national revival
- in 1918 - the defeat of the Austrian Empire and the creation of Czechoslovakia. Prague was chosen as its capital and Prague Castle as the seat of president
- from 1939 it was occupied by German
- in 1942 it was an assassination of the Nazi deputy protector Reinhardt Heydrich
- in 1945 (9th May) - Prague was liberated by Russians, after the uprising against the fascists
- in 1968 it began the process of „normalization“
- The Velvet Revolution in 1989 began democratic changes in our society - finally Czechoslovakia was divided into 2 independent states
-1st January 1993, Prague became the capital of the Czech Republic
- in 2002 Prague suffered from widespread flooding
PLACES OF INTEREST
Prague Castle – the seat of the President; it is the dominant of the city
- the monumental complex of the castle includes three courtyards and over 700rooms among which are the late Gothic Vladislav Hall, and the newly redecoratedSpanish Hall and Rudolph Gallery – in the Vladislav Hall the election of the Presidenttakes place and both the Spanish Hall and Rudolph Gallery serve for ceremonial andcultural purposes
St Vitus Cathedral – it was completed in 1929, a thousand years after the foundation by Charles IV(he founded it in connection with the establishment of the Prague Archbishopric); thecathedral is projected by two big architects –
Vloženo: 22.09.2010
Velikost: 67,50 kB
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