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Stáhnout celý tento materiál11. Mass media and technology
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Newspapers
The first form of mass media started after the printing press was invented in Germany in 1450. Many copies of simple newspapers and posters were quickly printed, which could then be distributed to many people. Newspapers are still one of the most important forms of mass media.
There are two kinds:
1. QUALITY PAPERS (serious newspapers) that aim at (zaměřit se na) the educated reader. They contain detailed news comment, editorials, many topics written by experts in their field, the Arts and literary reviews.
The US
USA Today, Wall Street Journal, New York limes, Washington Post, etc.
The UK
The Times, The Telegraph, The Guardian, The independent, etc.
2. TABLOIDS (popular newspapers) printed on sheets that are half the size of larger papers. They have a lot of gossip (drby) about famous people, etc., and not much serious news.
The US
The National Enquirer, Star Magazine, Globe, etc.
The UK
The Daily Mirror, The Sun, The Daily Mail, the Express, etc.
Radio
Print media was the only form of mass communication until the invention of the radio in about 1914. In the US Radio became popular in America with about 60,000 radios in 1922 which grew to 10 million radios by 1929. The first radio stations were created by companies who made radios. People bought a lot of radios so the companies had enough moneey to build many radio stations and they didn‘t need advertisements. Later, when other companies wanted to start stations the only way they could pay for it was by selling advertisements. In the US, radio was a business. NPR (National Public Radio) is a nationwide non-commercial radio.
In the UK the radio was paid for by charging a yearly fee to people who owned radios. This is called noncommercial or public broadcasting. The money was given to a government company called the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC).
The radio stations in the UK - national (non-commercial): Radio One, Radio Two, Radio Three, Radio Four. Local radio stations: Radio Cambridgeshire and Radio Devon, etc.
Commercial radio stations: Classic FM, Pirate FM and many more broadcast in cities, especially London.
Television
The next mass medium was television (TV) that started to be popular in about 1940. Broadcast TV was important because people could see images and sounds.
In the US - By 1950, there were only three national stations in the US: NBC, CBS and ABC (which was smaller). Around 1990, when many people had cable TV (CATV) with many channels and many choices, channels needed to specialize, like CNN with only news or MTV with only music. Advertising started to specialize too. For example, rich people watch the Golf Channel more than poor people, so the advertisements, or ads, are produced for richer viewers on this channel.
In the UK - The main broadcaster is th
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