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english-and-american-system-of-government
AJ - Anglický jazyk
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British and American system of Government
British System of Government
The U.K. of Great Britain and Northern Ireland has been the official title of the British Isles- State ever since 1922.
The UK is a constitutional monarchy: it means that the official head of state is the monarch but his/her powers are limited by the constitution. In practise she reigns but does not rule. The country is governed, in her name, by the Government, a body of ministers who are responsible to Parliament. She has no real power at all.
The British constitution is not written at any single document. It is a set of rules and it consists of various elements:
Common law /=important court cases/
Convention /=established practises/
Statues /=laws made by Parliament/
Parliament is the supreme law-making body in the country. It consists of the Sovereign, the House of Commons and the House of Lords.
The Sovereign formally summons and dissolves Parliament and generally opens each annual session with a speech from the throne.
The House of Commons has 650 elected and paid MPs. Each of them represents a particular part of the country, a constituency. The chief office of the House of Commons is the Speaker, elected by MPs to preside over the House.
The House of Lords is made up of hereditary and life peers, 2 archbishops and 24 bishops of the Church of England. Members of the House are not elected. In total there are about 600 peers following the House of Lords Act 1999 there are only 92 hereditary peers and the majority is formed by life peers. They retain the seat just for their life. They get no salary, only expenses. The chief officer wearing a WIG and Sitting on a wool-sack is called Lord Chancellor. The House of Lords is also the final court of appeal for civil cases in the UK and for criminal cases in England, Wales and N. Ireland.
The major task of Parliament’s work is revising the Government’s work (from Mo-Th all ministers must answer MP’s questions for 1 hour, the Prime Minister must answer their questions 2 days a week); another important task is law-making (a bill- a proposal of a new law- must pass through the Houses and then it is sent to the Queen for a Royal Assent).
General elections to choose MPs are held every 5 years. Voting is not compulsory and is from the age of 18.
The Government (= the Cabinet) is formed by the party which has the majority in the Parliament and the Queen appoints its leader as Prime Minister. The Prime Mi
Vloženo: 4.07.2011
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