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education-in-the-uk-usa-and-the-czech-republic
AJ - Anglický jazyk
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The school system of education in Great Britain, the USA and the Czech Republic
EDUCATION IN BRITAIN
In England and Wales compulsory school begins at the age of five, but before that age children can go to a nursery school, also called play school. School is compulsory till the children are 16 years old.
There are two systems of state school, depending on the country:
Primary School from 5 to 11
Secondary School from 11 to 16/18
In Primary School children learn to read and write and the basics of arithmetic. In the higher classes of Primary School children learn geography, history, religion and, in some schools, also a foreign language. Physical education is usually done twice a week. Outside the normal time-table are many activities in which students may take part: sports, drama, table tennis and so on.
Secondary schools can be divided into: Grammar Secondary Modern and Comprehensive. Te majority attend comprehensives which incorporate all schoolchildren into one scheme. The children are of mixed abilities and may come from a wide variety of social backgrounds. Some critics of this system argue that bright academic children suffer and that average standards are low.
When students are 16 years old, they may take an exam in various subjects in order to have a qualification. These qualifications can be either G.C.S.E. (General Certificate of Secondary Education) or O level (Ordinary level). Students can choose any number of subjects in their curriculum; some may take six or seven some only two G.C.S.E.s.
After sitting their o levels or G.C.S.E.s students can either leave school and start working or continue their studies in the same school as before. If they continue, when they are eighteen, they have to take further examinations, called A levels (Academic levels), normally two or three, which are necessary for getting into university or college.
Some parents choose independent schools for their children. These are very expensive but considered to provide a better education and good job opportunities. The stages of education in independent schools are called in different way- children from 5 to 8 attend prepreparatory school, between the ages of 8 and 13 they go preparatory school, from 13 to 18 they attend a public school, but only if they pass an examination called Common Entrance, The oldest and most exclusive Public Schools are Eton College, Harrow and Rugby
Higher Education
The oldest universities in England are Oxford and Cambridge, founded at the end of the twelfth century for the training of priests. Generally, universities award two kind of degrees; the Bachelor’s degree, usually after a three year course, and a Master’s degree, usually one or two more years of study after the Bachelor’s degree.
EDUCATION IN THE USA
In the US education differs according to the state. In each school the principal, the headmaster, of the school, decides the curriculum for each grade in his own school.
There are many different kinds of school: public, private, parochial, schools specializing in the arts, literature or science, etc.
All American children receive free compulsory education from 6 to 18. The most common system of education comprises: Pre-school education (3-6 years), Elementary School (6-12 y.), Junior and Senior High School (12-18y.)
In Public Schools the curriculum varies in each state. The typical school day starts at 8,30 or 9,00 am and ands at about 330pm. In many schools the day still begins with the salute to the American flag. Lessons are normally held fiv
Vloženo: 4.07.2011
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