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Stáhnout celý tento materiál25. Canada
Canada is the second largest country of the world. Its area is almost 10 million sq km.
Geography:
It occupies the northern part of North America (except Alaska) and some islands (e.g. Baffin Island, Newfoundland, Price Edward). It borders on the USA, in the south, the Pacific Ocean and Alaska in the west, the Arctic Ocean in the north and the Atlantic Ocean in the east. Part of the border with the USA is made by the Great Lakes (a group of 5 lakes along the US-Canadian border - Lake Superior, Huron Michigan Erie, Ontario).
This border is the longest undefended border in the world. Lakes which are entirely in Canada are Great Bear Lake, Great Slave Lake and Lake Winnipeg.
Canada has high mountain ranges, such as the Rocky Mountains, the Mackenzie Mountains and the Melville Hills. The longest river is the Mackenzie (it flows from the Rocky Mountains to the Arctic Ocean), other big rivers are the Yukon, the Fraser and the Columbia (they flow to the Pacific Ocean) and the river St. Lawrence (it flows into the Atlantic). The Canadian Niagara Falls are called Horseshoe Falls and are 49 m high and 1,5 km wide.
The Niagara River - part of the St. Lawrence River - connects Lake Erie and Lake Ontario forming the world-famous Niagara Falls 51 m high, 900 m wide on the Canadian side and 320m wide on US side. The name itself is Indian and means „the thunder of waters“. There are really two waterfalls, American and Canadian, divided by a piece of land, from which people can look down at the falling masses of water. It is also possible for the visitors to have a beautiful view of the falls from the river below. They may go by a boat for a trip as far as the base of the waterfall.
The falling water has worn away rocks behind the falls. One such place is one hundred and fifty feet high and goes back a hundred feet. It is called the Cave of the Winds. Visitors can reach this cave by a lift which takes them down to the entrance. In the cave they are greeted by a frightful thundering as thousands of tons of water pass directly before their eyes.
The climate varies from Arctic climate in the north with winter temperatures as low as minus 50 °C, to moderate climate in the east and west. The north of the country is a cold tundra with large and beautiful forests to the south. The central plains from the prairie.
People and language:
Canada is an English-speaking and a French-speaking country. It is known to be very attractive for its varied and beautiful countryside, esp. near the Great lakes. English and French are both official languages. About 70% speak English and 20% French, and the rest are bilingual. There are also North American Indian languages and the Inuit Inuktitut.
However some areas are difficult for people to live in. Most of the people live within 200 miles of the US border and the rest of the country further north is very thinly populated. All the large cities, e.g. Montreal, Toronto, Vancouver, Winnipeg, Ottawa (the capital), Quebec and others, are situated near Canada’s southern border. Canada’s population comprises 30 million people. The original inhabitants were Eskimos and Indians. Most of the population are descended from European immigrants: British, Irish and French ancestors.
The 4 groups of Canada’s inhabitants are Anglo-Canadians and French-Canadians, Canadian Indians and Eskimos. First permanent settlers were French in the 17th century who called their colony in the St. Lorenz Valley New France. Than there were in 1763 a British colony. During the War of Independence the settlers in Canada remind loyal to Britain and didn’t fight against the English soldiers.
History:
Since the 16th century large territories were occupied by the French but France lost this country in frequent wars with England during the 17th and 18th centuri
Vloženo: 9.06.2011
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