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Stáhnout celý tento materiálT H E C Z E C H R E P U B L I C
The Czech Republic is situated in Central Europe. It is said that it lies right in the heart of Europe. The Czech Republic is an inland country having an area of 78,864 km2.
Our republic has four neighbours. In the north it borders with Poland, in the south with Austria. The shortest border is with Slovakia in the east and the longest one with Germany in the west.
The Czech Republic has a population of about 10.3 million. The major nationalities living here are the Czechs and the Moravians, but there are minority groups such as the Slovaks, Poles, Germans and Gypsies. Mountain ranges form our country's natural borders The land is rather hilly. The western border is formed by the Ore Mountains (Krušné hory). The highest peak is called Klínovec (1244 m). The Šumava Mountains extend to the south. We can find a lot of swamps and also two glacial lakes: the Black Lake and the Devil's Lake. The Šumava is known for its genuine virgin forest with many ancient trees and bushes. The highest mountains in the Czech Republic are the Giant Mountains (Krkonoše). That's where the highest peak Mt Sněžka (1602 m) is located. The Jizera Mountains and the Eagle Mountains (Orlické hory) lie on the border with Poland. The highest mountain regions in Moravia are the Hrubý Jeseník and the Moravian-Silesian Beskyds.
The Czech Republic has been called "the Roof of Europe" because no rivers flow into the country. The Morava River flows out of Moravia and enters the Danube just west of Bratislava. Bohemia's most famous river is the Vltava, which originates near the Austrian border and flows north through Český Krumlov, České Budějovice and Prague. At Mělník it joins the Labe which flows out to Germany. Dams have been built on this river, for example Lipno, Orlík and Slapy. These dams are not used only for production of electricity, but they are a popular destination of people looking for recreation and amusement. A lot of people spend their holidays here. The Odra River originates near Ostrava but it soon enters Poland. Many rivers are highly polluted due to inadequate sewage treatment and chemical fertiliser run-off. South Bohemia is known for its numerous, large ponds. Fresh water fish are farmed there, mostly carp. The largest lake is Rožnberk, which was artificially created in the 15th and 16th centuries, with an area of 479 hectares.
Our country is rich in minerals. Black and brown coal, lignite, sand for glass-making, etc. are mined in the Czech Republic. Traditionally most of the industry is located in the northern part of the country. After 1948 industry developed in the southern and eastern regions as well. Cheb, Sokolov, Karlovy Vary, Most, Litvínov, Chomutov, Teplice, Ústí nad Labem are important industrial cities.
Fuel and energy industries are very well developed in the Czech Republic. To produce energy thermal electric generators are used (North Bohemia - Komořany, Chvaletice), nuclear power plants (e.g. Dukovany) and hydro-electric plants.
Other branches of industry include metallurgy (Ostrava, Kl
Vloženo: 5.11.2010
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