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AMERICAN AND BRITISH POLITICAL SYSTEMS
AJ - Anglický jazyk
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Stáhnout celý tento materiál17. AMERICAN AND BRITISH POLITICAL SYSTEMS
GREAT BRITAIN
The official title of Great Britain is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. It is consist of 4 countries: England (London), Scotland (Edinburgh), Wales (Cardiff) and Northern Ireland (Belfast). UK is a constitutional monarchy = the official head is monarch (king or queen), but its power is limited by the constitution. British constitution isn’t single document, but it’s set of rules, customs and conventions established through the past, actually there is no formal written constitution, their Government is based on the English Common Law and convention. In London there are seats of the Government, the Queen and Parliament.
In the present the HEAD OF STATE is the Queen Elizabeth II., but she’s only a formal ruler, she doesn’t govern. She doesn’t act independently, she can only act on advice of her ministers. The country is governed in her name by the Government (it means ministers), that is responsible to Parliament.To her competency belongs these activities: She summons and dissolves Parliament, she opens each session with a speech from the throne, she gives the Royal assent to bills, she appoint the Prime minister, judges and archbishops and she visits many parts of own and foreign country.
THE PARLIAMENT consists of the House of Commons and the House of Lords. It seats in the Houses of Parliament. The name of this house is Palace of Westminster. It is the supreme legislative body in the country.
House of Lords originated in 11th century is consist of Lord Temporal - it means Peers and Peeresses. They aren’t elected, their title is inherited or given by the Queen. Next there are Lords Spiritual = 2 archbishops and 24 bishops. The main function of the House of Lords is law-making. They are mostly members of nobility, bishops, judges, and people chosen by Prime Minister or the Queen. It has over 1000 members. The head is Lord Chancellor, who sits on the Woolsack – it’s large square seat filled with the wool and covered with red cloth. It hasn’t back, arms and legs and it’s symbol of Britain’s former wealth.
House of Commons - It was originated in the 13th century. Power of this house has supremacy over House of Lords. There is 650 elected and paid members – Members
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